Calculating machines
Slides: 35 Words: 1257 Sounds: 0 Effects: 73How did the counting begin? Origin of an account. The invention of the account. Calculations using small stones. Ancient Greek abacus. The Romans improved the design. In China, the abacus was called "suan-pan". For the Chinese, the basis of the account was not a dozen, but a five. Whole corn cobs. Russian abacus. Invention of the mechanical calculator. The history of the origin of calculating machines. Summing machine. Pascal. The first calculating machine. Manuscripts of Leonardo da Vinci. Counting machines. Invention of KKM. Cash register. Employees. The idea of creating an apparatus. The device recorded each trading operation. Child of James. - Calculating machines.ppt
invention of the computer
Slides: 25 Words: 1177 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0History of computers. Brief description of the concept of a computer. The first "counting machine". Calculator. Sir Samuel Morland's Calculator. Wilhelm Godfried von Leibniz. Giovanni Poleni. Charles Babbage. Dorr Felt. Corporation. Alan Turing. Konrad Zuse. Howard Aiken. The first electronic computer. John Taki. Commercial computers. New processor. Mass computers. First computer. Personal Computer. The first generation of computers. The second generation of computers. Third generation computers. fourth generation computers. Fifth generation of computers. - The invention of the computer.pptx
Stages of computer development
Slides: 51 Words: 1199 Sounds: 0 Effects: 24History of development of information technologies. From hand counting to computers. Manual account. Computing in the pre-electronic era. Counting on fingers. Ancient means of counting. Abacus and his descendants. Soroban. The first mechanical machines. The first design of a calculating machine. Logarithmic ruler. Circular slide rule. Shikkard's car. Pascal's calculating machine. Leibniz calculator. Jacquard loom. Punch cards. Mechanical calculator. Charles Babbage. Charles Babbage's Difference Engine. The Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace. mechanical technology. Chebyshev apparatus. - Stages of computer development.pptx
History of the development of computer technology
Slides: 22 Words: 1594 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Software history
Slides: 44 Words: 2309 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Computer software. System software. History of operating systems. Operating system. Classic (non-network) OS. Operating systems are tied to processors. Interaction of software and hardware. monolithic core. Puff system Technishe Hogeschool Eindhoven (THE). OS is a virtual machine. Multi-core OS structure. Programming. Ada Lovelace (1815-1852). History of algorithmic languages. John Backus and Peter Naur. Cobol language. Structured programming concept. The Pascal programming language was created by the Swiss N. Wirth. - Software History.ppt
The history of the creation of computers
Slides: 124 Words: 5251 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Electronic computers. Atanasov's work. The first computer ENIAC. COMPUTER ENIAC. ENIAC project leaders. Von Neumann's project and his contribution to computer architecture. Fragments of an article by von Neumann et al. (Russian translation). The main features of the classical von Neumann computer architecture. Implementation of the von Neumann project in the USA. Top-secret cryptanalytic laboratory. Specialized electronic computer. American computer with stored program EDVAC. The first generations of computers. Formation of the computer industry. Computer Whirlwind - "Whirlwind". In 1953, IBM joined the production of general-purpose computers. - History of the computer.ppt
The history of the development of computers
Slides: 12 Words: 413 Sounds: 0 Effects: 46The history of the development of computers. Pre-mechanical stage in the development of computer technology. The simplest counting devices. A set of wooden bars. Mechanical stage of development. German philosopher. Counting devices of the 19th century. Joseph Murray Jacquard. The Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage. Analog computers. Electronic computers. generations of computers. - The history of the development of computers.ppsx
The history of the creation and development of computers
Slides: 18 Words: 916 Sounds: 0 Effects: 48The history of the creation of computers. Table of contents. preelectronic period. Pascaline. Leibniz machine. Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev designed a calculating machine. Babbage's Analytical Engine. Tabulator. The first generation of computers. The world's first computer - ENIAC. The second generation of computers. In the 60s, transistors became the element base for computers. Third generation. In 1958, John Kilby created the first experimental integrated circuit. Fourth generation. The American company Intel announced the creation of a microprocessor. Fifth generation. Thanks for attention. - History of the creation and development of computers.ppt
Stages of computer development
Slides: 22 Words: 1368 Sounds: 0 Effects: 120Computer technology and man. He is faster than a human. Route. Period. mechanical period. mechanical period. Electronic computing stage. Fascist regime. Colossus machine. Howard Aiken. The first electronic computer. Computer created. Years of application. Stage. Electronic computing stage. Electronic computing stage. Electronic computing stage. Informatics in faces. Progress of sciences and machines. Information sources. Http://rufact.org/media/attachments/wakawaka_wikipage/380/Odhner%20Wilgodt%20Theophilus.jpg – T.V. Slide 18. - Stages of development of COMPUTER.pptx
History of computing
Slides: 17 Words: 2502 Sounds: 0 Effects: 2History of computer technology. Past. Beginning of account. Type of instrumental account. Roman abacus. Computing machines. Blaise Pascal. Digital computing devices. Konrad Zuse. Howard Aiken. The first generation of computers. The contribution of Russian scientists. Laboratory staff. The era of personal computers. generations of computers. Characteristics of computer generations. Travel. - History of Computing.ppt
History of computing facilities
Slides: 41 Words: 3146 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the development of computer technology. Plan. pre-mechanical stage. Manual stage. Abacus. Chinese abacus. Accounts. Appearance of instruments. Discovery of logarithms. mechanical stage. Blaise Pascal. German scientist Leibniz. Counting machine. Warehouse. Analytical engine. electromechanical stage. Alan Turing. Characteristics. The machines were built on vacuum tubes. COMPUTER. ENIAC. Academician Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev. The founder of computer technology in the USSR. I generation of computers. performance. Built on transistors. Semiconductor machines on transistors. Large electronic calculating machine. - History of computer technology.ppt
History of the development of computer technology
Slides: 84 Words: 6782 Sounds: 0 Effects: 108History. Time of Romulus. So it was believed in the time of Romulus and even earlier. Hand. The simplest and first artificial counting device is a tag. Counting tags. Counting with ropes. Counting knots among different peoples were considered inviolable. The growth and expansion of trade required new means of computing. A small episode from the history of Russian accounts. Table counting. The direction of development of counting instruments. Let's do the multiplication. We've got a sign. The table can be transferred to boards. Logarithmic tables. Mechanical counting devices. Sketch of a mechanical thirteen-bit adder. - The history of the development of computer technology.ppt
Stages of development of computer technology
Slides: 27 Words: 375 Sounds: 0 Effects: 6Virtual Museum of Computing Technology. Manual stage of development of computer technology. 50 thousand years BC. Ancient Egypt. Russia. Mechanical stage in the development of computer technology. France 17th century. The first programmable device. England 19th century. The first programmer is Ada Lovelace. Electromechanical stage in the development of computer technology. Herman Hollerith created a tabulator for statistical calculations. A. Turing and Post proved that a machine can solve any problem. Electronic stage in the development of computer technology. Stages of development of computer technology. - Stages of development of computer technology.ppt
Trends in the development of computer technology
Slides: 30 Words: 1325 Sounds: 0 Effects: 120The history of the development of computer technology. A computer. Ancient people. The first funds of the account. Abacus. Accounts. The first projects of calculating machines. Shikkard's car. Pascaline. Logarithmic ruler. Leibniz calculator. Improved arithmometer. Mechanical calculator. Babbage's Analytical Engine. First programmer. Enigma. Time of World War II. Konrad Zuse. Mark-I. Storing data on paper tape. Eniac. The first computers. Small electronic calculating machine. Large electronic calculating machine. generations of computers. The first generation of computers. Operating Systems. - Trends in the development of computer technology.pptx
The main stages in the development of computer technology
Slides: 25 Words: 1240 Sounds: 0 Effects: 121The history of the development of computer technology. Characteristics of the generation of computers. The first computers in the twentieth century. Digital computers. Lots of analog computers. Development of more efficient calculating machines. Colossus. Eniac. The first computers. Computers S.A. Lebedev. Large electronic calculating machine. Lamp computer. generations of computers. The first generation of computers. performance. Magnetic tape. Operating Systems. Computers on large and ultra-large integrated circuits. Characteristics of different generations of computers. Supercomputers. Cray-2. - The main stages in the development of computer technology.ppt
The history of the development of generations of computing
Slides: 51 Words: 2964 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the creation and development of computer technology. The history of the development of generations of computer technology. Key dates. The first serial computer. Westonic bone. Tool. Chinese abacus. Board account. Greeks and Egyptians. Indian scientists. Arabic scientist. Blaise Pascal. Mechanical device. Leonardo da Vinci. Rods. Blueprints. The history of the development of generations of computer technology. Automatic computing device. English mathematician. November. The first programmer in the world. Ada Augusta Byron. First computers. Bulgarian. The first mainframe computer. Revolution in the world of computers. -
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Computing tools before the advent of computers The history of computing is deeply rooted in the distant past, just like the development of mankind. The accumulation of reserves, the division of production, the exchange - all such actions are associated with the account. People used their own fingers, pebbles, sticks and knots to count. The need to find solutions to more and more complex and complex problems and, as a result, more and more complex and time-consuming calculations, has put a person in front of the need to find ways, invent devices that could help him with this. Historically, different countries have developed their own monetary units, measures of weight, length, volume and distance. Transferring from one measurement system to another required calculations, which could most often be performed by specially trained people, who were sometimes invited from other countries. This naturally led to inventions to aid counting.
slide number 3
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One of the first devices (5th-6th centuries BC) that facilitated calculations can be considered a special board for calculations, called "abacus". Calculations on it were made by moving pebbles or bones into the recesses of boards made of bronze, stone or ivory. Over time, these boards began to be drawn into several stripes and columns. In Greece, the abacus existed already in the 5th century BC. e., among the Japanese it was called “serobyan”, among the Chinese - “suanpan”. In ancient Russia, a device similar to an abacus called “Russian shot” was used when counting. In the 17th century, this device already took on the appearance of the usual Russian account.
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At the beginning of the 17th century, when mathematics began to play a key role in science, the need for the invention of a calculating machine was increasingly felt. And in the middle of the century, a young French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal created an “adding” machine called Pascalina, which, in addition to addition, also performed subtraction.
slide number 6
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In 1812, the English mathematician and economist Charles Babbage began work on the creation of the so-called "difference" machine, which, according to his ideas, was supposed to not only perform arithmetic operations, but to carry out calculations according to a program that specifies a specific function. As the main element of his machine, Babbage took a gear wheel to remember one digit of a number (there were 18 such wheels in total). By 1822, the scientist had built a small working model and calculated a table of squares on it.
slide number 7
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The electromechanical stage in the development of computer technology The electromechanical stage in the development of computer technology was the shortest and covers only about 60 years - from the first tabulator by G. Hollerith (1887) to the first ENIAC computer (1945). The prerequisites for creating projects of this stage were both the need for mass calculations (economics, statistics, management and planning, etc.), and the development of applied electrical engineering (electric drive and electromechanical relays), which made it possible to create electromechanical computing devices.
slide number 8
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The first statistical tabulator was built by the American Herman Hollerith in order to speed up the processing of the results of the census, which was conducted in the United States in 1890. Then tests were carried out at the Census Bureau, and Hollerith's tabulator was recognized as the best in competition with several other systems. After the census, Hollerith was awarded several awards, and received the title of professor at Columbia University. Hollerith organized a company for the production of tabulating machines TMC (Tabulating Machine Company), selling them to railway departments and government agencies. Over the years, it has undergone a number of changes - mergers and renaming. Since 1924, Hollerith's company has become known as IBM.
slide number 9
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Z1 - a computing device, created in 1938, was the first programmable computer by the German engineer Konrad Zuse. This is a binary computer with keyboard input in decimal floating point numbers. The main difference from the more famous Z3 computer (1941) was the lack of a square root calculation.
slide number 10
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In 1939, George Stibitz and Samuel Williams created the Complex Number Calculator, a calculator that adds complex numbers as well as performs subtraction, multiplication, and division. The calculator was the first machine to be remotely accessed via telephone lines from three keypads, but they could only be used in split-time mode. In its own way, it was an attempt to organize a local network. Later, the creators renamed their creation the Model I Relay Calculator.
slide number 11
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In 1939, John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first vacuum tube computing machine. The analogue of the 25-bit adder had a regenerated memory in the form of accumulators with refresh circuits on vacuum tubes, but did not have a device for entering information. To carry out the calculations, the user had to connect the wires directly to the battery - the data was immediately entered into the memory.
slide number 12
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Mark-1 is being developed by IBM for the US Navy to calculate ballistic tables. The Mark-1 is based on Charles Babbage's description of his Analytical Engine. Mark-1 measures 17 m in length and 2.5 m in height. The wires that connect its 750 thousand parts have a total length of more than 800 km. The program is entered from a punched tape, and the data from punched cards. The computer has an electromechanical relay and works very quickly at that time - it takes 0.3 seconds to add and subtract two numbers and 3 seconds to multiply.
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ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first large-scale electronic digital computer that could be reprogrammed for a full range of tasks. Built in 1946 by order of the US Army at the Ballistic Research Laboratory for calculating firing tables. Launched February 14, 1946. Computer architecture was developed in 1943 by John Presper Eckert and John William Mauchley, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania. In ENIAC, vacuum tubes were used as the basis of the component base. In total, the complex included 17468 lamps, 7200 silicon diodes, 1500 relays, 70000 resistors and 10000 capacitors. Power consumption - 150 kW. Computing power - 300 multiplications or 5000 additions per second. Weight - 27 tons. Calculations were made in decimal system.
slide number 14
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Tube computers The first generation (1945-1954) - computers on vacuum tubes (like those that were in old TVs). These are prehistoric times, the era of the formation of computer technology. Most of the machines of the first generation were experimental devices and were built in order to test certain theoretical positions. The weight and size of these computer dinosaurs, which often required separate buildings for themselves, have long become a legend. The founders of computer science are considered to be Claude Shannon - the creator of information theory, Alan Turing - a mathematician who developed the theory of programs and algorithms, and John von Neumann - the author of the design of computing devices, which still underlies most computers. In the same years, another new science related to computer science arose - cybernetics, the science of management as one of the main information processes. The founder of cybernetics is the American mathematician Norbert Wiener.
slide number 15
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Transistor computers In the second generation of computers (1955-1964), transistors were used instead of vacuum tubes, and magnetic cores and magnetic drums, the distant ancestors of modern hard drives, began to be used as memory devices. All this made it possible to drastically reduce the size and cost of computers, which were then first built for sale. But the main achievements of this era belong to the area of programs. The second generation of computers first introduced what is today called an operating system. At the same time, the first high-level languages were developed - Fortran, Algol, Kobol. These two important improvements have greatly simplified and accelerated the writing of programs for computers; programming, while remaining a science, acquires the features of a craft. The scope of computers has also expanded. Computers found use in planning and management, and some large firms even computerized their bookkeeping, anticipating fashion by twenty years.
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The era of integrated circuits In the third generation of computers (1965-1974), integrated circuits began to be used for the first time - entire devices and nodes of tens and hundreds of transistors, made on a single semiconductor crystal (what is now called microcircuits). At the same time, semiconductor memory appears, which is used all day long in personal computers as operational memory. During these years, the production of computers acquires an industrial scale. IBM, which made its way to the leaders, was the first to implement a family of computers - a series of computers that are fully compatible with each other, from the smallest, the size of a small cabinet (they didn’t do smaller then), to the most powerful and expensive models. The most common in those years was the System / 360 family of IBM, on the basis of which the ES series of computers was developed in the USSR.
slide number 18
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The era of integrated circuits Back in the early 60s, the first minicomputers appeared - small, low-power computers that were affordable for small firms or laboratories. Minicomputers represented the first step towards personal computers, the prototypes of which were released only in the mid-70s. The well-known PDP family of minicomputers from Digital Equipment served as a prototype for the Soviet series of SM machines. Meanwhile, the number of elements and connections between them that fit in one chip was constantly growing, and in the 70s, integrated circuits already contained thousands of transistors. This made it possible to unite most of the computer's components in a single small detail - which Intel did in 1971, releasing the first microprocessor, which was intended for the just-appeared desktop calculators.
Description of the slide:
The development of microprocessor technology Since the mid-70s, there have been fewer and fewer fundamental innovations in computer science. Progress is mainly along the path of development of what has already been invented and invented, primarily by increasing the power and miniaturization of the element base and the computers themselves. Since the early 80s, thanks to the advent of personal computers, computer technology has become truly mass and public . A paradoxical situation is emerging: despite the fact that personal and minicomputers are still lagging behind large machines in all respects, the lion's share of the innovations of the last decade - the graphical user interface, new peripherals, global networks - owe their appearance and development to this "frivolous" technique. Large computers and supercomputers, of course, are by no means extinct and continue to develop. But now they no longer dominate the computer arena as they once did.
slide number 21
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The development of microprocessor technology In 1989, a new development by Intel appeared - the Intel-80486 microprocessor (Intel-80486DX). This processor marked the beginning of the fifth generation. This processor was fully compatible with PCs of the Intel-80x86 family, in addition, it contained a mathematical coprocessor and 8 KBytes of cache memory. This processor was more advanced than the Intel-80386 microprocessor, its clock frequency was 33 MHz. In 1991, Intel introduced the Intel-80486SX processor, which did not have a math coprocessor. - 66 MHz. Subsequently, processors with a clock frequency of 100 MHz came out.
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slide number 23
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Development of microprocessor technology In 1993, Intel began commercial production of a new processor - the Intel Pentium (Intel did not give it the number 80586). The first models operated at a clock frequency of 60 and 66 MHz and combined up to 3.3 million transistors. The Pentium is the first 64-bit RISC superscalar processor built using 0.8 micron BiCMOS technology. It is based on two five-stage pipelines that allow you to execute two instructions in one cycle. One pipeline performed any operations, both with integer and floating-point numbers, the second one performed part of the integer instructions.
slide number 24
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Development of microprocessor technology All arithmetic operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication and division - are implemented in hardware. The combination of these solutions dramatically increased processor performance, speed up calculations by reducing RAM accesses. They provide two internal cache memory buffers - 8 KB each for commands and data, which allowed command containers to work not only for reading, but also for writing. The next novelty is the branch prediction system, due to which the address of the transition is remembered during the transition to the memory area and the transition to this address is faster when the address is repeated.
slide number 25
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Development of microprocessor technology Subsequently, models with a frequency of 90 and 100 MHz appeared. However, errors in the division device were soon discovered, and Intel had to publish a detailed description of this defect. After this scandal, almost all Pentium processors began to be tested, and the inscription BUG FREE! appeared in the price lists, which can literally be translated as "free from errors."
>> Informatics: Classification of peripheral buildings. History of the development of numerical technology.
The history of the development of computers
Content:
1. What is a computer?
2. V - VI century BC to XX century
3. First generation computers
4. Computers of the second generation
5. Computers of the third generation
6. Computers of the fourth generation
7. Test for knowledge of the history of computer development
8. Sources of information
COMPUTER = Computer
Electronic computer (computer)
Computer (English word) - calculate
A computer is a device of interconnected technical devices that perform automated information processing.
5th–6th century BC
The history of computing is deeply rooted in the distant past, just like the development of mankind.
One of the first devices (5th-6th centuries BC) that facilitated calculations can be considered a special board for calculations, called "abacus".
15th century AD
In ancient Russia, when counting, a device similar to an abacus, called the "Russian shot", was used. In the 17th century, this device already took on the appearance of the usual Russian account.
The abacus that appeared in the 15th century. are in a special place, because use decimal, not quinary, like all other abacus.
The main merit of the inventors of the abacus is the creation of a positional system for representing numbers.
17th century
Blaise PASCAL
Blase Paskal
(19.06.1623 – 19.08.1662)
At the beginning of the 17th century, when mathematics began to play a key role in science, the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal created an "adding" machine called Pascaline, which, in addition to addition, also performed subtraction.
17th century
Gottfried Wilhelm LEIBNITZ
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz
(1.07.1646 – 14.11.1716)
The first arithmetic machine that performs all four arithmetic operations was created in 1673 by the German mathematician Leibniz - a mechanical adding machine.
Charles BABBAGE
(26.12.1791 – 18.10.1871)
In 1812, the English mathematician and economist Charles Babbage began work on the creation of a "difference" machine, which was supposed not only to perform arithmetic operations, but to carry out calculations according to a program that specifies a specific function.
For program control, punched cards were used - cardboard cards with holes punched in them (perforation).
First generation computers 1948 - 1958
- Element base - electron-vacuum lamps.
- Dimensions - in the form of cabinets and occupied machine rooms.
- Performance - 10 - 100 thousand op./s.
- Operation is very difficult.
- Programming is a laborious process.
- The structure of the computer - according to a rigid principle.
20th century
John (Janos) von Neumann
(28.12.1903 – 8.02.1957)
The first computer "ENIAC" (digital integrator and computer, tube) was created in the USA after the Second World War in 1946. The group of creators of this computer included one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century. John von Neumann.
According to the principles of Neumann, the construction and operation of universal programmable computers, computers form three main components: an arithmetic unit, an input-output device, and memory for storing data and programs.
1950s
Under the leadership of B.I. Rameev, the first in the USSR universal general-purpose computers Ural-1, Ural-2, Ural-3, Ural-4 (tube) were developed. And in the 60s, the first in the USSR family of programmatically and structurally compatible general-purpose computers Ural-11, Ural-14, Ural-16 (semiconductor) was created. B.I.Rameev, V.I.Burkov, A.S.Gorshkov took part in the project.
20th century
Sergey Alekseevich LEBEDEV
(2.11.1902 - 3.07.1974)
The development of computers in the USSR is associated with the name of Academician Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev. In 1950, at the Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology (ITM and CT, USSR Academy of Sciences), a digital computer department was organized to develop and create a large computer. This work was headed by S. A. Lebedev, under whose leadership were created: in 1951 in Kyiv MESM (small electronic computing machine) and in 1953 in Moscow BESM (large electronic computing machine).
MESM (Small Electronic Computing Machine)
Computers of the second generation 1959 - 1967
- Element base - active and passive elements.
- Performance - hundreds of thousands - 1 million op./s.
- Operation - simplified.
- Programming - algorithmic languages appeared.
- Computer structure - microprogram control method.
1960
Creation of the first in the USSR semiconductor control machine for general purpose Dnepr, project leaders - V.M.Glushkov and B.N.Malinovsky. The computer included analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. Produced for 10 years.
1959-1965
Development of the first machines in the USSR for engineering calculations Promin and Mir - the forerunners of future personal computers, project leaders V.M. Glushkov and S.B. Pogrebinsky.
Computers of the third generation 1968 - 1973
- Element base - integrated circuits, large integrated circuits (IC, LSI).
- Dimensions - the same type of rack, requiring a machine room.
- Performance - hundreds of thousands - millions of op./s.
- Operation - repairs are carried out promptly.
- Programming - similar to the II generation.
- The structure of the computer - the principle of modularity and trunk.
- There were displays, magnetic disks.
Computers of the fourth generation from 1974 to the present day
- Element base - very large integrated circuits (VLSI).
- Creation of multiprocessor computing systems.
- Creation of cheap and compact microcomputers and personal computers and computer networks based on them.
In 1971, Intel (USA) created the first microprocessor - a programmable logic device manufactured using VLSI technology.
The first personal computers
In 1981, IBM Corporation (International Business Machines) (USA) introduced the first personal computer model - IBM 5150, which marked the beginning of the era of modern computers.
1983 Apple Computers builds the Lisa personal computer, the first mouse-controlled office computer.
1984 Apple Computer Corporation released the Macintosh computer based on the 32-bit Motorola 68000 processor
Test for knowledge of the history of computer development
1. The first tube computer was called:
a) Ural - 11; b) ENIAC; c) Dnieper.
2. Which of the following scientists is not associated with the history of the creation of computers:
a) Charles Babbage b) Isaac Newton; c) Blaise Pascal.
3. The first computers were created in the XX century ...
a) in the 40s; b) in the 60s; c) in the 70s.
4. The main element base of the fourth generation computers are:
a) electromechanical circuits; b) VLSI. c) vacuum tubes;
You can go to the presentation by clicking on the text "Presentation" and installing Microsoft PowerPoint
Contributed by the teacher of computer science of the International Lyceum "Grand" Cheban L.I.
Computer development
Slides: 8 Words: 1066 Sounds: 0 Effects: 26The history of the development of computer technology. The birth of the computer. Already in antiquity, the simplest counting device appeared - the abacus. The abacus has firmly taken its place on the accounting tables. Babbage's ideas began to really come true in the late 19th century. The first generation of computers. The development of computers is divided into several periods. The second generation of computers. Computers of the 2nd generation were developed in 1950-60. In the 2nd generation, the first high-level languages were developed - Fortran, Algol, Kobol. Third generation computers. The use of integrated circuits in the 3rd generation greatly increased the capabilities of computers. fourth generation computers. - computer 3.ppt
Calculating machines
Slides: 35 Words: 1257 Sounds: 0 Effects: 73How did the counting begin? Origin of an account. The invention of the account. Calculations using small stones. Ancient Greek abacus. The Romans improved the design. In China, the abacus was called "suan-pan". For the Chinese, the basis of the account was not a dozen, but a five. Whole corn cobs. Russian abacus. Invention of the mechanical calculator. The history of the origin of calculating machines. Summing machine. Pascal. The first calculating machine. Manuscripts of Leonardo da Vinci. Counting machines. Invention of KKM. Cash register. Employees. The idea of creating an apparatus. The device recorded each trading operation. Child of James. - Calculating machines.ppt
Computing machines
Slides: 35 Words: 1104 Sounds: 0 Effects: 92The history of the development of computer technology. Content. Computing in the pre-electronic era. Fingers. Abacus. Accounts. Individuals who contributed to the development of BT. Blaise Pascal. Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace. Herman Hollerith. Blaise Pascal's car. Charles Babbage's car. More. Thirdly, the use of a method for changing the course of calculations, which later received the name of a conditional transition. Fourth, the introduction of the concept of cycles of operations and work cells. Herman Hollerith was born February 29, 1860 in Buffalo, New York. Data for each person was applied to punched cards, almost no different from modern ones, in the form of punches. - Computers.pptx
computer machines
Slides: 25 Words: 1046 Sounds: 0 Effects: 95A brief history of the development of computer technology / 1617 - 1998 /. Science that studies. Laws. Methods. Ways of accumulation. Processing methods. Transfer methods. Information. A bit of history. Performed addition and subtraction with 7 digit numbers. 1774 - The first mass "calculating machine" - a mechanical calculator. 1947 - the first "turned" transistor was created. The "low-level" programming language Assembler has been developed. Teletype released the first keyboard and monitor in 1962. Microsoft presents the operating system WINDOWS 98. Internet. Information Communication Game How did the Internet appear??? - Computer machines.ppt
Computer history
Slides: 15 Words: 515 Sounds: 0 Effects: 56History of the computer. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of computer technology. The computer is being introduced into almost all spheres of our life. The word computer comes from the English word computer, which means "computer". At first, counting was inseparable from curling fingers. Fingers became the first computing technology. The revolution came with the invention of the abacus. In 1672, Wilhelm Leibniz created an adding machine that could also multiply and divide. In 1947, the Americans invented transistors. One transistor replaced 40 lamps. As a result, the speed increased by 10 times, the weight and size of the machines decreased. - Computer history.ppt
Building a computer
Slides: 9 Words: 154 Sounds: 1 Effects: 48A computer. And in the twentieth century, man created a wonderful thing, a grandiose invention. Who and where uses the computer? What can you do with a computer? The emergence of computers. The first computers. 1946 Modern computer. What does computer consist of? - Computer creation.ppt
Development of computers
Slides: 12 Words: 475 Sounds: 0 Effects: 34The history of the development of computer technology. Do you want to learn about the history of computer technology? Take a trip to the past in a time machine. So, go! Ancient times. Primitive people used for counting: fingers; Pebbles, bones, shells. 5th century BC Ancient Greece. With the development of trade, people needed counting devices. The first such device was the abacus or calculi (pebbles). The abacus looks like a modern abacus. The familiar abacus first appeared in Russia in the 16th century. XVII century. Invented the first mechanical abacus - adding machine. Blaise Pascal, creator of the first adding machine, 1641-1642. - Development of computers.ppt
invention of the computer
Slides: 25 Words: 1177 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0History of computers. Brief description of the concept of a computer. The first "counting machine". Calculator. Sir Samuel Morland's Calculator. Wilhelm Godfried von Leibniz. Giovanni Poleni. Charles Babbage. Dorr Felt. Corporation. Alan Turing. Konrad Zuse. Howard Aiken. The first electronic computer. John Taki. Commercial computers. New processor. Mass computers. First computer. Personal Computer. The first generation of computers. The second generation of computers. Third generation computers. fourth generation computers. Fifth generation of computers. - The invention of the computer.pptx
Stages of computer development
Slides: 51 Words: 1199 Sounds: 0 Effects: 24History of development of information technologies. From hand counting to computers. Manual account. Computing in the pre-electronic era. Counting on fingers. Ancient means of counting. Abacus and his descendants. Soroban. The first mechanical machines. The first design of a calculating machine. Logarithmic ruler. Circular slide rule. Shikkard's car. Pascal's calculating machine. Leibniz calculator. Jacquard loom. Punch cards. Mechanical calculator. Charles Babbage. Charles Babbage's Difference Engine. The Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace. mechanical technology. Chebyshev apparatus. - Stages of computer development.pptx
History of computers
Slides: 14 Words: 469 Sounds: 0 Effects: 118The history of the development of computer technology. Stages of development of computer technology. Background. AD 500: Invention of the ABACA (accounts) 1646 Blaise Pascal invented the SUMMER MACHINE 1973. W. Leibniz invented the arithmometer. The machine performed 4 arithmetic operations. The program was entered from punched tape. The first generation of computers (1946-1959). Reliability is low, a cooling system was required. Computers had significant dimensions Speed 5-30 thousand operations per second. Programming in machine codes, later autocodes and assemblers appeared. Used for scientific and technical calculations. - The history of the development of computers.ppt
History of the computer
Slides: 30 Words: 2104 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Computer history in faces. Auction of knowledge in informatics. Who is the founder of mathematical logic. "Computer History in Faces". Boole George. Who is the founder of cybernetics. Norbert Wiener. Who came up with the PC circuit. John von Neumann. Who designed the calculating machine, which was named after him. Pascal Blaise. Who is the founder of computer technology in Russia. Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev. This woman was 1 programmer. Lovelace Augusta Ada King. An American who invented a computer that worked on an electric relay. Herman Hollerith (1860-1929). - The history of the computer.pptx
The history of the invention of the computer
Slides: 10 Words: 594 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the invention of the computer. Electronic computer. Equipment. Computers. Calculating mechanical machine. Babbage's analytical device. Work. Technical capabilities. Main components. Cyber scientists. - The history of the invention of the computer.ppt
History of computer technology
Slides: 20 Words: 1287 Sounds: 0 Effects: 3Multimedia project on the topic: "Computer technology". Content. Introduction Theoretical part Practical part Tests Literature. Introduction. Classification. Trends. History. Generations. Computer technology. Tasks. So computers more and more penetrate our lives. Tests. Floating point operations per second. There are about 500 machines of this level in the world. Small - computers. For the numbers of different categories, different gears were assigned. Each previous wheel was connected to the next with a single tooth. Analytical engine of Charles Babbage 1832 The machine invented by C. Babbage looked like a real factory for the production of calculations. - History of computer technology.ppt
History of the development of computer technology
Slides: 22 Words: 1594 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0History of personal computers
Slides: 12 Words: 536 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0History of the computer. Suan pan. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519). Wilhelm Schickard (1592 - 1635). Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716). Charles Babbage (1792 - 1871). Wilgodt Teofilovich Odner (1846 - 1905). The development of computing technology. generations of computers. Fill in the empty rows of the table. - History of creation of personal computers.ppt
Software history
Slides: 44 Words: 2309 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Computer software. System software. History of operating systems. Operating system. Classic (non-network) OS. Operating systems are tied to processors. Interaction of software and hardware. monolithic core. Puff system Technishe Hogeschool Eindhoven (THE). OS is a virtual machine. Multi-core OS structure. Programming. Ada Lovelace (1815-1852). History of algorithmic languages. John Backus and Peter Naur. Cobol language. Structured programming concept. The Pascal programming language was created by the Swiss N. Wirth. - Software History.ppt
First computer
Slides: 47 Words: 818 Sounds: 0 Effects: 57ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN COMPUTERS Lecture 1: History of computers. Buses Microarchitecture level. Knuckles on bars for calculations Used in Asia! Logarithmic ruler. Slide Rule 1630 Based on Napier's logarithm rules Used until 1970. Slide Rule. Logarithmic Rulers. Cylindrical Slide Rule. Spiral Slide Rule. William Schickard (1592-1635). First working addition machine. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Set of gears Subtraction in two's complement code. Gottfried Leibniz (1646 - 1716). A mechanical calculator that performs arithmetic operations. - First Computer.ppt
inventions
Slides: 28 Words: 2786 Sounds: 0 Effects: 59Laziness as the engine of progress. Target. Laziness. Wheel. Electricity. Significant inventions for our civilization. Development of means of communication. The telegraph spoke. Electric lamp. Laser. Influence on the development of civilization. The history of the development of computing devices. Counting on fingers. Counting on stones. Abacus account. Napier sticks. Logarithmic ruler. Sketch of a mechanical thirteen-bit adder. Blaise Pascal's car. Charles Babbage's Difference Engine. Herman Hollerith. First generation computers. Second generation computers. third generation computers. Fourth generation computers. - Inventions.ppt
The first computers
Slides: 46 Words: 1619 Sounds: 0 Effects: 501Notched bones (“Vestonice bone”, Czech Republic, 30 thousand years BC). Ancient means of counting. about. Salamis in the Aegean Sea (300 BC). Grooves - units, tens, hundreds, ... the number of stones - decimal numbers. Salami board. The first projects of calculating machines. "Pascaline" (1642). Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz (1646 - 1716). Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division! 12-bit numbers decimal system. Adding machine "Felix" (USSR, 1929-1978) - the development of the ideas of the Leibniz machine. Leibniz machine (1672). Cars of Charles Babbage. Fundamentals of Mathematical Logic: George Boole (1815 - 1864). - First computers.ppt
History of laptops
Slides: 20 Words: 2084 Sounds: 0 Effects: 140How did the laptop come about? Tasks. Origin of the word "laptop" Let's compare a laptop and a computer. Notebook history. The very first laptops. Technical characteristics of the laptop prototype. Adam Osborne's laptop. A turning point in the history of the computer industry. Laptops from the 80s. Laptops of the 90s. Further improvement of laptops. Modern laptops. Laptop for the blind. Innovative technologies for a new generation of notebooks. Cario laptop. Nikita Golovlev's laptop. - History of laptops.ppt
The history of the development of computers
Slides: 20 Words: 1020 Sounds: 0 Effects: 13History of computer technology. The emergence of an account. The concept of number arose long before the advent of writing. Previously, people learned to count very slowly and difficultly, interrupting their experience from generation to generation. Ancient counting tools. Pebbles, notches, serifs ... Single ("stick") number system. In a single number system, only one type of sign was used to write numbers - the "stick". Nowadays, counting sticks are used to teach first graders. Russian abacus. Pascal wheel. In 1820, the Alsatian Carl Xavier Thomas received a patent for an adding machine. - computer 2.ppt
History of computing
Slides: 9 Words: 468 Sounds: 0 Effects: 9The history of the development of computer technology. The history of science is science. The main stages in the development of computer technology. Manual calculation automation period. Abacus. Accounts. Logarithmic ruler. Mechanical period of computing automation. Shikkard's car 1642 Pascal's machine 1673 Leibniz machine 1881 Manufacture of arithmometers 1882. Babbage's Difference Engine 1892 Babbage's Analytical Engine. Electromechanical stage in the development of computer technology. Calculating and analytical complex of Herman Hollerith 1930 Vannover Busch develops differential analyzer 1944 - Computer Engineering.ppt
Computer history
Slides: 27 Words: 1048 Sounds: 0 Effects: 70The history of the development of computers. Content: What is a computer? COMPUTER = Computer. Electronic computer (computer). Computer (English word) - to calculate. 5th-6th century BC. Ancient Greek abacus. The main merit of the inventors of the abacus is the creation of a positional system for representing numbers. XV century AD. Russian abacus. XVII century. Blaise PASCAL Blas? Paskal (06/19/1623 - 08/19/1662). Pascal's arithmetic machine. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (07/1/1646 - 11/14/1716). Leibniz mechanical adding machine (1673). XIX century. Charles BABBAGE (December 26, 1791 - October 18, 1871). Cardboard punch cards. - Computer History.ppt
The history of the creation of computers
Slides: 124 Words: 5251 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Electronic computers. Atanasov's work. The first computer ENIAC. COMPUTER ENIAC. ENIAC project leaders. Von Neumann's project and his contribution to computer architecture. Fragments of an article by von Neumann et al. (Russian translation). The main features of the classical von Neumann computer architecture. Implementation of the von Neumann project in the USA. Top-secret cryptanalytic laboratory. Specialized electronic computer. American computer with stored program EDVAC. The first generations of computers. Formation of the computer industry. Computer Whirlwind - "Whirlwind". In 1953, IBM joined the production of general-purpose computers. - History of the computer.ppt
The history of the development of computers
Slides: 12 Words: 413 Sounds: 0 Effects: 46The history of the development of computers. Pre-mechanical stage in the development of computer technology. The simplest counting devices. A set of wooden bars. Mechanical stage of development. German philosopher. Counting devices of the 19th century. Joseph Murray Jacquard. The Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage. Analog computers. Electronic computers. generations of computers. - The history of the development of computers.ppsx
History of computers in informatics
Slides: 45 Words: 1605 Sounds: 0 Effects: 22Definition of computer science? like science. Definition of the French Academy of Sciences: The meaning of the term “Informatics“ in German - Informatik, in English - Computer Science. The main stages of the technological process in information systems. Prices for individual elements of computers are reduced annually by 25-40%. Classification of modern computers. Such machines are specialized, i.e. solve a narrow range of tasks of the same type. Digital computer (DCM) - operates with information presented in a discrete form. Classification of modern computers. Computer. Super computer. - History of computers in informatics.ppt
The history of the creation and development of computers
Slides: 18 Words: 916 Sounds: 0 Effects: 48The history of the creation of computers. preelectronic period. Pascaline. Leibniz machine. Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev designed a calculating machine. Babbage's Analytical Engine. Tabulator. The first generation of computers. The world's first computer - ENIAC. The second generation of computers. In the 60s, transistors became the element base for computers. Third generation. In 1958, John Kilby created the first experimental integrated circuit. Fourth generation. The American company Intel announced the creation of a microprocessor. Fifth generation. - History of the creation and development of computers.ppt
Stages of computer development
Slides: 22 Words: 1368 Sounds: 0 Effects: 120Computer technology and man. He is faster than a human. Route. Period. mechanical period. Electronic computing stage. Fascist regime. Colossus machine. Howard Aiken. The first electronic computer. Computer created. Years of application. Stage. Electronic computing stage. Informatics in faces. Progress of sciences and machines. - Stages of development of COMPUTER.pptx
History of VT development
Slides: 11 Words: 176 Sounds: 0 Effects: 6Significant figures in the history of computers (based on the materials of the MUK-21 museum). Project. In 1937 the machine started working! S. Lebedev, made a great contribution to the development of computers in the USSR. MESM 1951 The legendary BESM-6, 1965 - The history of the development of BT.ppt
History of technology development
Slides: 5 Words: 510 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the development of computer technology. The presentation of the material is of an overview nature. In fact, the history of the development of BT is instructive and worthy of a deeper study. To reveal the above topic in detail, you can use the method of projects. Project planning. Project work. Project protection. - History of technology development.ppt
History of computing
Slides: 17 Words: 2502 Sounds: 0 Effects: 2History of computer technology. Past. Beginning of account. Type of instrumental account. Roman abacus. Computing machines. Blaise Pascal. Digital computing devices. Konrad Zuse. Howard Aiken. The first generation of computers. The contribution of Russian scientists. Laboratory staff. The era of personal computers. generations of computers. Characteristics of computer generations. Travel. - History of Computing.ppt
The development of computing technology
Slides: 25 Words: 2565 Sounds: 1 Effects: 0The history of the development of computer technology. In ancient Rome, the abacus appeared, probably in the 5th-6th centuries AD, and was called calculi or abakuli. The abacus was made of bronze, stone, ivory and colored glass. Wires correspond to decimal places. There are 8 round holes on the top cover, each one has a circular scale around it. Principle of operation. Pascal machine. How the Pascal machine works. Gears are visible in the holes, which are below the plane of the top cover. Each wheel can rotate independently of the other on its own axle. Biography of Pascal. Blaise Pascal was the third child in the family. - Development of computer technology.ppt
History of computing facilities
Slides: 41 Words: 3146 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the development of computer technology. pre-mechanical stage. Manual stage. Abacus. Chinese abacus. Accounts. Appearance of instruments. Discovery of logarithms. mechanical stage. Blaise Pascal. German scientist Leibniz. Counting machine. Warehouse. Analytical engine. electromechanical stage. Alan Turing. Characteristics. The machines were built on vacuum tubes. COMPUTER. ENIAC. Academician Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev. The founder of computer technology in the USSR. I generation of computers. performance. Built on transistors. Semiconductor machines on transistors. Large electronic calculating machine. - History of computer technology.ppt
History of the development of computing technology
Slides: 32 Words: 790 Sounds: 0 Effects: 58The history of the development of computer technology. Purpose: To study the history of the creation of computer technology; Explore the stages of computerization in the village of Potashka. Objectives: Content: V century BC. The abacus was widely used in Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Abacus. Sticks correspond to columns, and beads correspond to numbers. For the Chinese, the basis of the account was not a dozen, but a five. Accounts. Counting device. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Logarithmic ruler. "Step Calculator". Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Babbage's Analytical Engine was built by enthusiasts from the London Science Museum. - The history of the development of computing technology.ppt
The history of the creation of computing technology
Slides: 19 Words: 2474 Sounds: 0 Effects: 68History of computer technology. The need for automation of data processing. pre-computer era. Logarithmic ruler. B.Pascal. French Blaise Pascal. Pascal machine. G.V. Leibniz. C. Babbage. ENIAC. John Presper Eckert and John William Mockley. Computers on electron tubes. The first universal programmable computer in the Continental. The invention of the transistor. Sphere of use of electronic computing equipment. Element base of the computer. Programming language. Large integrated circuits. performance. - The history of the creation of computer technology.pptx
History of the development of computer technology
Slides: 84 Words: 6782 Sounds: 0 Effects: 108History. Time of Romulus. Hand. The simplest and first artificial counting device is a tag. Counting tags. Counting with ropes. Counting knots among different peoples were considered inviolable. The growth and expansion of trade required new means of computing. A small episode from the history of Russian accounts. Table counting. The direction of development of counting instruments. Let's do the multiplication. The table can be transferred to boards. Logarithmic tables. Mechanical counting devices. Sketch of a mechanical thirteen-bit adder. A young 18 year old French mathematician. - The history of the development of computer technology.ppt
Stages of development of computer technology
Slides: 27 Words: 375 Sounds: 0 Effects: 6Virtual Museum of Computing Technology. Manual stage of development of computer technology. 50 thousand years BC. Ancient Egypt. Russia. Mechanical stage in the development of computer technology. France 17th century. The first programmable device. England 19th century. The first programmer is Ada Lovelace. Electromechanical stage in the development of computer technology. Herman Hollerith created a tabulator for statistical calculations. A. Turing and Post proved that a machine can solve any problem. Electronic stage in the development of computer technology. I generation of computers. II generation of computers. - Stages of development of computer technology.ppt
Trends in the development of computer technology
Slides: 30 Words: 1325 Sounds: 0 Effects: 120The history of the development of computer technology. A computer. Ancient people. The first funds of the account. Abacus. Accounts. The first projects of calculating machines. Shikkard's car. Pascaline. Logarithmic ruler. Leibniz calculator. Improved arithmometer. Mechanical calculator. Babbage's Analytical Engine. First programmer. Enigma. Time of World War II. Konrad Zuse. Mark-I. Storing data on paper tape. Eniac. The first computers. Small electronic calculating machine. Large electronic calculating machine. generations of computers. The first generation of computers. Operating Systems. - Trends in the development of computer technology.pptx
Stages in the history of the development of computing technology
Slides: 17 Words: 2566 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the development of computer technology. Definition of WT. Stages of development. pre-mechanical stage. mechanical stage. electromechanical stage. Card. electronic stage. Computer of the 1st generation. Computer of the 2nd generation. Computer of the 3rd generation. Computer of the 4th generation. Latest developments. Operating system. Windows operating system. Modern personal computer. - Stages of the history of computer technology.ppt
The main stages in the development of computer technology
Slides: 25 Words: 1240 Sounds: 0 Effects: 121The history of the development of computer technology. Characteristics of the generation of computers. The first computers in the twentieth century. Digital computers. Lots of analog computers. Development of more efficient calculating machines. Colossus. Eniac. The first computers. Computers S.A. Lebedev. Large electronic calculating machine. Lamp computer. generations of computers. The first generation of computers. performance. Magnetic tape. Operating Systems. Computers on large and ultra-large integrated circuits. Characteristics of different generations of computers. Supercomputers. Cray-2. - The main stages in the development of computer technology.ppt
The history of the development of generations of computing
Slides: 51 Words: 2964 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The history of the creation and development of computer technology. Key dates. The first serial computer. Westonic bone. Tool. Chinese abacus. Board account. Greeks and Egyptians. Indian scientists. Arabic scientist. Blaise Pascal. Mechanical device. Leonardo da Vinci. Rods. Blueprints. Automatic computing device. English mathematician. November. The first programmer in the world. Ada Augusta Byron. First computers. Bulgarian. The first mainframe computer. Revolution in the world of computers. step in development. personality in history. Von Neumann report. Developments of domestic computer technology. - The history of the development of generations of computing technology.ppt
Computing in the pre-electronic era
Slides: 28 Words: 988 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The theme is ancient computers. Creators. Turov D. Ivanenko K. Pismenko M. Computations in the preelectronic era. The need to count objects in humans arose in prehistoric times. For most peoples, the first such standard was fingers (counting on fingers). The ancient Greek abacus was a plank sprinkled with sea sand. Furrows were made in the sand, on which numbers were indicated with pebbles. The Romans perfected the abacus, moving from sand and pebbles to marble slabs with chiselled grooves and marble balls. The abacus appeared in Russia in the 16th century. - Computing in the preelectronic era.ppt
The first mechanical machines
Slides: 33 Words: 994 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Computer history. Mechanical calculators counting decimal numbers were used until the 1970s. Pascaline. In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern to be embroidered was determined by punched cards. A series of cards could be changed, and changing the pattern did not require changes in the mechanics of the machine. Hollerith's company eventually became the core of IBM. By 1950, IBM technology had become ubiquitous in industry and government. The warning printed on most cards, "do not fold, twist, or tear," became the motto of the post-war era. In 1948, the Curta appeared, a small mechanical calculator that could be held in one hand. - The first mechanical machines.ppt
John von Neumann
Slides: 12 Words: 418 Sounds: 0 Effects: 24John von Neumann. Hungarian-American mathematician. The forefather of modern computer architecture. Von Neumann architecture. John von Neumann came up with a scheme for building a computer. Stages of the cycle. The cycle is executed invariably. CPU. CPU instructions. Transition speed. -
Prehistory 1642 The French scientist Blaise Pascal began to create an arithmetic machine of a mechanical device with gears, wheels, gear racks, etc. She knew how to "remember" numbers and perform elementary 1642. The French scientist Blaise Pascal set about creating an arithmetic machine of a mechanical device with gears, wheels, gear racks, etc. She knew how to "memorize" numbers and perform elementary arithmetic operations.
Background 1834 English scientist Charles Babbage drafted an "analytical" machine, which included: input and output devices, a memory device for storing numbers, a device capable of performing arithmetic operations, and a device that controls the sequence of machine actions. Commands were entered using punched cards. The project was not implemented. The English scientist Charles Babbage drafted an "analytical" machine, which included: input and output devices, a memory device for storing numbers, a device capable of performing arithmetic operations, and a device that controls the sequence of machine actions. Commands were entered using punched cards. The project was not implemented.
Background 1876 y. English engineer Alexander Bell invented the telephone d. English engineer Alexander Bell invented the telephone.
Background 1897 English physicist J. Thomson designed a cathode ray tube d. English physicist J. Thomson designed a cathode ray tube. cathode ray tube cathode ray tube
The first computers 1939 Bulgarian-American John Atanasoff created a prototype computer based on binary elements d. Bulgarian-American John Atanasoff created a prototype computer based on binary elements.
The first computers 1941 Konrad Zuse designed the first universal computer on electromechanical elements. He worked with binary numbers and used the representation of floating point numbers. Mr. Konrad Zuse built the first universal computer on electromechanical elements. He worked with binary numbers and used the floating point representation of numbers.
The first computers 1944 Under the guidance of the American mathematician Howard Aiken, an automatic computer "Mark-1" with program control was created. It was built on electric power. Under the guidance of the American mathematician Howard Aiken, an automatic computer "Mark-1" with program control was created. It was built on electromechanical relays, and the data processing program was entered from a punched tape.
The first computers 1946 Americans J. Eckert and J. Mauchli designed the first electronic digital computer "Eniak" (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). The machine had 1946. The Americans J. Eckert and J. Mouchli designed the first electronic digital computer "Eniak" (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). The machine had 20,000 vacuum tubes and 1,500 relays. It ran a thousand times faster than the Mark 1, performing 300 multiplications or 5,000 additions in one second in one second.
The second generation of computers 1948 At the American firm Bell Laboratories, physicists William Shockley, Walter Brattain and John Bardeen created the transistor. For this achievement, they were awarded the Nobel Prize. d. In the American firm of Bell Laboratories, physicists William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen created the transistor. For this achievement they were awarded the Nobel Prize d. by the American company NCR in 1957. The American company NCR created the first transistorized computer.
The second generation of computers 1952 Under the leadership of S.A. Lebedev in Moscow built a computer BESM-1 (large electronic calculating machine) at that time the most productive machine in Europe and one in 1952. Under the leadership of S.A. Lebedev in Moscow built a computer BESM-1 (large electronic calculating machine) at that time the most productive machine in Europe and one of the best in the world.
The third generation of computers 1958 Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments created the first integrated circuit Mr. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments created the first integrated circuit.
The third generation of computers 1959 Under the leadership of S.A. Lebedev created the BESM-2 machine with a capacity of 10 thousand operations / s. Its application is associated with calculations of launches of space rockets and the world's first artificial Earth satellites. Under the leadership of S.A. Lebedev created the BESM-2 machine with a capacity of 10 thousand operations / s. Its application is associated with calculations of launches of space rockets and the world's first artificial earth satellites.
The fourth generation of computers 1971 Intel developed the 4004 microprocessor, consisting of 2250 transistors, placed in a crystal no larger than a nail head, Mr. Intel developed the 4004 microprocessor, consisting of 2250 transistors, placed in a crystal no larger than a nail head, Mr. IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) designed the first hard disk type "winchester" d. Firm IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) designed the first hard disk type "winchester".
The fourth generation of computers 1976 Students Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, having arranged a workshop in the garage, realized the Apple-1 computer, laying the foundation for the Apple Corporation d. Students Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, having arranged a workshop in the garage, realized the Apple-1 computer, laying the foundation Apple Corporation.
The fourth generation of computers 1981 IBM released the first personal computer IBM PC based on the microprocessor d. IBM released the first personal computer IBM PC based on the 8088 microprocessor.
New Advances 1984 y. Apple Computer introduced the Macintosh 1984 y. Apple Computer introduced the Macintosh 1993 y. Intel released the Pentium microprocessor d. Intel released the Pentium d. The Windows operating system was released d. The operating system was released Windows 95.Windows 95Windows 95
