The relevance of the project can be expressed with just one phrase of I. Sokolov-Mikitov: "Love for nature, however, like any human love, undoubtedly, is laid in us from childhood." The goal of the project: to study theoretical material about aquarium fish in order to answer the questions of interest to us, to acquaint the children of our class with the life of aquarium fish. Project objectives: to get acquainted with theoretical information; analyze and summarize facts; comparing the collected material, develop interest in the topic. the ability to speak in front of a large audience; foster an ecological culture and the ability to work independently.
The research proceeded from the following hypothesis: if you carefully study the necessary information, analyze and generalize the necessary facts, then you can not only replenish and expand your knowledge, but also develop creativity and the ability to work independently.
Aquarium is an occupation associated with modeling an ecosystem in a closed artificial reservoir. Fish are the oldest, most abundant and most abundant group. Even the total number of fish species is not known exactly, according to a rough estimate (since not all types of discovery have been described yet) it ranges from 21 thousand to 25 thousand individuals.
They are certainly beautiful creatures. As you know, fish have a calming effect on an irritated and tired person. Gliding freely behind the glass of the aquarium, they not only delight the eye, shimmering with various bright colors, but also relieve, thus, stress, excitement, tension.
The most ancient information about goldfish appeared in China in the 6th century BC, which were considered sacred. The first goldfish were brought to Europe on military sailing ships and appeared in spacious pools at the courts of kings under the protection of guard guards and were presented as gifts or as a reward to the nobles.
Guppies are the favorite fish of novice aquarists, since the most hardy bright freshwater fish that can survive in a small aquarium are undemanding to water quality, can withstand a two-week fast and are even ready to eat algae
Neon: These fish are quite small and very mobile. They deserve their name because of the silvery sheen of their scales. The male is traditionally smaller and slimmer than the female. The fins of fish are transparent. It is better to keep them in an aquarium with peace-loving fish. Veiltail: This species of goldfish is very popular with inexperienced aquarists. She has a short, wide body, a small head, a forked, very long, thin and transparent (like a veil) tail, which is why she has such a name.
Scalaria The fry of the scalar grow very quickly. As soon as they start to swim, in the aquarium, in addition to daylight, a low-power light bulb is installed for night lighting. If this is not done, then at night the fry will stray into corners and die en masse.
Gurammi pearl Gurammi pearl living in the area of the Malacca Peninsula, the islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra. This small fish can be kept in a common aquarium, but you should prudently close it on top so that there is warm air above the surface. Otherwise, gourami trap cold air and may catch a cold.
Svetlana Agafonova
Tasks:
Educational
Expansion of ideas about aquarium fish;
Formation of ideas about freshwater fish, their appearance, lifestyle, habits.
Correctional
Development of coherent speech, visual perception and attention, fine and fine motor skills;
Educational
Fostering a respect for nature
Course of the lesson
1. Organizational moment
A) Listen to the poems and you will find out what we will talk about today in occupations.
In a pond or lake, nowhere else,
In calm, calm stagnant water,
Where lush greenery has grown at the bottom, -
This is where it lives (crucian carp).
With a long silvery body,
Lives in a fast river.
Many fish are a terrible enemy.
Guess it? Not? …. (Zander)
Ruff prickly, freckled,
Ugly and hunchbacked.
But an ear without a ruff
It is unlikely to be good.
River predator pike,
The pike scares everyone in the river.
The pike opens its mouth
It's scary to hit the pike in the mouth.
V: -Who are these verses about?
D: -About fish
B) Updating knowledge about aquarium fish
V: -We met with you last year aquarium fish... They live with us in aquarium, we take care of them every day. Let's remember how they are called.
(accompanied by displaying pictures)
D: -Goldfish, sword-bearer, guppy, scalar, catfish, neon
2. Post a new topic
A) B: - Today we will talk about freshwater fish
(there is a picture on the board « Freshwater fish» )
V:-These ones fish live in ponds, lakes, rivers. They are called freshwater... Let's take a look at them. Pay attention to what different shapes the body and head can be. fishes, what different tails and fins are in fish.
The pike has a long head and a long body. The pike has a large tail.
The bream has a small head and a wide body.
The catfish has a huge head and a long, thick body. In catfish, the dorsal fin is small and not sharp. The tail is short.
The ruff has a small head and a small, wide body.
Pike perch and ruff have sharp dorsal fins.
See what different scales the body of the fish is covered with. In bream, it is large. And the pike perch is small. The catfish has no scales at all. His body is covered with thick skin. And all fish have gills. What do you think they are for?
D: -In order to breathe.
V: -And what are the fins for?
D: - fins are needed in order to swim.
V:- Fishes there are predatory and peaceful. Carnivores fishes feed on fish fry, small fish, frogs) Predatory fish include catfish, perch, pike perch. Crucian carp, ruff, bream are peaceful fish. They feed on algae.
B) Finger gymnastics "Rybka"
The fish swims in water (put your palms together and show how the fish swims)
The fish is fun to play.
Fish, naughty fish, (shake your finger)
We want to catch you. (slowly bring your palms together)
The fish bent its back (show how the fish swims)
I took a crumb of bread (make a grasping movement with your fingers)
The fish waved its tail (again show how the fish swims)
The fish quickly swam away.
C) Securing the passed material
1) Exercise "Who lives where?"
(symbolic images are placed on the board reservoirs: rivers, ponds, aquarium; planar images of fish)
V: -Who lives in aquarium?
D: -guppy, goldfish, catfish, neon
V: -Who lives in the river?
D: - Catfish, pike, pike perch, perch, bream, ruff
V: - Who lives in the pond?
D: -carp, crucian carp, bream
2) Exercise Show body parts
V: - Let's look at fish and show what body parts the fish have. (torso, tail, back, head, eyes, mouth, fins, scales, gills)
3) Ball game “Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?
V: -And now let's have a little rest and play the game “Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose tail is the pike?
D: -Picky
V: -Whose catfish whiskers?
D: - Somovia
V: - Whose head of pike perch?
D: - Gossip
V: - Whose body of perch?
D: -gun
V: - Whose fins of the crucian carp?
D: - crucians
V: - Whose gills of pike?
D: -shy
V: - Whose head is the ruff?
D: - vertex
V: Whose tail is the crucian carp?
D: - crucian carp
4) Game "Who is gone"(pike, catfish, crucian carp, ruff, bream)
(there are five pictures on the board with the image freshwater fish.
V: - Look carefully and remember the images freshwater fish... Now close your eyes, and I will remove one picture, and you will say which fish is gone.
(the game is played until the children answer once).
5) Exercise "Know the fish"? Draw the tail and color the picture.
V: - What kind of fish
3. Summing up classes
V: - What kind of fish did we talk about today?
D: - O freshwater
V: - In which bodies of water they live freshwater fish?
D: - In a river, lake, pond.
Bibliography:
1. Nishcheva N.V.
Summaries of subgroup speech therapy classes in the older group kindergarten for children with OHP. -SPb.: Publishing House LLC.-CHILDHOOD- PRESS", 2014.-704 p.
2. Teremkova N. E
Speech therapy homework for children 5-7 years old with OHP. Album 4.-Publishing house GNOM, 2012.-312s.
Related publications:
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Summary of the lesson on the world around in the senior group "Houseplants" Familiarization with the outside world
Plan:
- Introduction
- 1 Families of aquarium fish
- 2 Living in natural conditions
- 3 Aquarium and aquarium equipment
- 4 Microclimate in the aquarium
- 5 Maintaining cleanliness
- 6 Adaptation of aquarium fish
- 7 Hybridization of aquarium fish
- 8 Diseases
- 9 Feed
- 10 Interesting Facts Notes (edit)
Literature
Introduction
Sumatran barb
Scalaria
Aquarium fish- ornamental fish, which are kept in aquariums. Aquarium fish originate from China. The Chinese have started breeding aquarium fish since 2000 BC.
Most of the aquarium fish are characterized by a bright decorative color, bizarre body shapes and small size. The most popular type of aquarium fish is goldfish.
Popular aquarium fish include the following: goldfish, zebrafish, anscistrus, barbs, scalars, catfish, neons, nannostomuses, labeo, discus, guppies, etc.
1. Families of aquarium fish
Aquarium fish include fish of the following families:
- Cichlids
- Carp
- Pecilia
- Haracin
- Aterinic
- Pomacentral
- Cartooth
- Labyrinth
- Iris
- Goldfish
- Catfish
- Sturgeon
2. Living in natural conditions
Most aquarium fish naturally live in tropical and subtropical freshwater bodies, therefore, with artificial maintenance, some fish need sea water, a relatively high water temperature, approximately corresponding to the room temperature of the aquarium.
3. Aquarium and aquarium equipment
For fish, a rectangular aquarium is preferable, a round shape is permissible if the volume of the aquarium is 200 liters or more. The shape is important for an adequate representation of the fish about space. Keeping fish in a glass aquarium often leads to death: not because of a lack of water, but because of a nervous disease caused by the shape of the aquarium.
Each fish needs an average of 2 liters of water per 1 cm of body length. The most unpretentious are guppies - one fish needs 3-5 liters of water. [ source not specified 313 days]
The aquarium should be equipped with either a fluorescent or LED lamp that does not heat the water.
It is necessary to install a filter (internal or external), an air compressor (if there are many fish in the aquarium or no plants) and a thermostat (maintains a constant water temperature in the aquarium).
4. Microclimate in the aquarium
The temperature range for keeping ornamental fish is very wide. It depends on the type of fish. The most comfortable temperature is from + 22 ° C to + 28 ° C, and it is important that the water temperature does not change dramatically. In cool weather, set the heater to the desired temperature, in hot weather - carefully monitor the thermometer and, if necessary, replace part of the water from the aquarium with a new, cooler one. In certain cases, pouring is required every 4 hours.
Other indicators of the microclimate of the aquarium: gH up to 26 °, pH in the range of 6.5 - 8.5, the optimal indicator is 7. [ source not specified 313 days]
A thermometer is used to monitor the temperature, and testers are used to control the quality of water, which can be in the form of strips or drip. You can also test water for hardness, acidity, impurities in special laboratories operating on a commercial basis.
In the aquarium, it is necessary to illuminate: the light stimulates the movement of the fish, draws their attention to the food on the surface of the water, allows the fish to track the movement of the food and "hunt" for it. Lighting is also necessary for aquarium plants: for their growth and photosynthesis.
5. Maintaining cleanliness
It is very important that the water in the aquarium is always clean. For this, there are special aquarium filters. If there is no aquarium filter, change the water as it gets dirty, usually 2 times a week. The walls of the aquarium are wiped with a damp sponge, removing plaque, without the use of detergents. A third of the water in the aquarium should remain the same, 2/3 are filled with fresh water. If the rules of hygiene are not followed, the fish can get sick with various diseases, including fungal ones.
If the sun's rays hit the aquarium, you need to change the water 4-5 times a week, as the water becomes moldy due to this. The aquarium can be filled with tap or spring water. The chlorine-containing tap water is allowed to stand for 3 to 4 days in order for the chlorine to evaporate. Boiled and river water cannot be used.
6. Adaptation of aquarium fish
When placing fish in an aquarium, you need to do the following: 1) Take some container (container - not an aquarium), pour the water in which the fish were in, put the fish there. 2) After that, you need to pour water from the aquarium into this container (50% of the total mass of water). 3) After 25-30 minutes, the fish can be placed in the aquarium. This is done so that the transition from the temperature of the aquarium water to the temperature of the water in which the fish were kept is not abrupt, otherwise the fish may get shock and die. The fish must be placed in the aquarium very carefully, otherwise their fins may be injured.
7. Hybridization of aquarium fish
Scientists have been hybridizing aquarium fish for many years, as a result of which breeds of aquarium fish have been identified.
8. Diseases
In case of infectious diseases of fish, it is necessary to treat the aquarium with specialized medicines, raise the water temperature by 3-4 degrees above the comfortable one, and change the aquarium water more often.
9. Feed
Feed the fish 1-2 times a day. When overfeeding fish, various diseases can begin, including obesity.
10. Interesting facts
Notes (edit)
- Enemies and diseases of goldfish - www.zooclub.ru/aqua/vidy/267-2.shtml
Literature
- Muddy Hargrove, Mick Hargrove Freshwater Aquariums For Dummies. - 2nd ed .. - M .: "Dialectics", 2007. - S. 256. - ISBN 978-5-8459-1306-7
Slide 2
Purpose of work: To explore interesting facts from the life of the inhabitants of the aquarium. Planning the research: - To learn about the history of the emergence of aquarium fish. - To study the variety of unusual fish. - To find and research interesting facts from the life of aquarium fish. - To draw conclusions.
Slide 3
Introduction. When I was little and went to kindergarten, I had many hobbies. At first I was very interested in toy cars, I had a whole fleet of vehicles. Then I became interested in dinosaurs, I had many books about them. All my albums were painted with dinosaurs. Then there were the superheroes from the movies ... But one day, while visiting, I saw an aquarium and was fascinated by its inhabitants. I watched them for a very long time and closely, my mother noticed it. And for my birthday, my parents made a surprise to me, gave me an aquarium. I was happy!!! I could watch the fish and their behavior for hours. I wondered what we were like with them. Do fish have intelligence, memory, can they be trained and can they talk? And I started to research.
Slide 4
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The history of the emergence of aquarium fish. The most ancient information about goldfish appeared in China in the 6th century BC, which were considered sacred. The first European to see and describe fish of extraordinary beauty was the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo. People have long learned to recreate a particle of the underwater world next to them. These aquariums are a permanent home for fish. The word aquarium comes from the Latin "aqua" (water) and the suffix "rum" (place, house), that is, literally translated it means a water house or a dwelling with water. Previously, the fish were kept in small marble tanks near the guests' bed. Then one marble wall was removed from the containers and replaced with glass. And in our time there are already such unusual aquariums:
Slide 7
Labyrinth aquarium
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Giant aquariums
Slide 10
As you know, fish have a calming effect on an irritated and tired person. Gliding freely behind the glass of the aquarium, they not only delight the eye, shimmering with various bright colors, but also relieve, thus, stress, excitement, tension.
Slide 11
Unusual marine life and interesting facts from their life.
Slide 12
Aquarium fish amaze us with the richness of color and body shape. There are fish that fit in a teaspoon, and there are fish that are the size of a child's palm. Nature has used all colors - yellow, red, blue and blue, green and emerald, white and black - so the fish are very smart. Some fish flaunt in a striped outfit, others in a spotted or one-color one. In fish, there are neons on the sides, like lights flashing, stripes glow in blue. The shape of the body is also varied. There are fish as flat as a leaf. There are with thick round sides. Some fish have a large tail fin, lush - like a veil. They are called veil-tails.
Slide 13
Telescope:
A very interesting and peculiar fish. She has large, bulging, attentive eyes (it is worth mentioning that often the fish damage them and go blind, so there should not be many hard plants in the aquarium that she could hurt herself). The fish has a spherical shape and is therefore clumsy, slow and a little awkward.
Slide 14
And other inhabitants of the aquarium have a long, narrow tail, like a lance or a sword. They are called swordsmen. There are amazing creatures among aquarium fish. For example, gourami fish build a nest from air bubbles! The male releases bubbles with his mouth. And each vial is enveloped in sticky saliva. The female lays eggs in such a nest.
Slide 15
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Clown fish.
More recently, thanks to the clownfish, scientists have made one important discovery. It made it possible to fight jellyfish burns. On the basis of clown fish mucus, scientists have developed and made an "anti-jellyfish" cream.
Slide 17
Clown fish
Slide 18
Fish ball
The ball fish lives in the coral reefs of many seas - from the Red to the Caribbean, this is the most voluminous coral creature that, swallowing water, can swell to an incredible size. In case of danger, it takes a spherical shape, which allows you to scare off small predators. Its peaceful appearance is deceiving: in fact, the ball fish is one of the most poisonous.
Slide 19
Fish ball
Slide 20
Running fish
The unusual fish was caught in Australia on the Tasmanian coast in 2000, and belongs to an unknown species of marine life. The fish was nicknamed - "handfish" because of the fins with which it is able to move along the bottom. The fish lives in clear water, in shallow water, crawling along the bottom and almost without swimming. This rare species of fish was included in the Red Book.
Slide 21
Flying fish
Fish are able to cover a distance of 500 meters at a speed of 75 km / h, and after jumping out for 30 seconds they still remain in the air. Scientists have come to the conclusion that fish can fly perfectly, no worse than birds.
Slide 22
CHANDA RANGA, or Indian glass perch
Lives in the waters of India, Burma and Thailand. Breeding of these calm fish is very difficult. The female spits about 100 eggs on the thin leaves of certain plants. Tiny fry have to be fed (also tiny) ciliates. Size 6-8 cm.
Slide 23
And what kind of fish does not exist!
Slide 24
Do aquarium fish have: - intelligence - can they talk - can they be trained
Slide 25
The first fish in my aquarium were Ancistrus or Somik-cleaner and guppies.
The cleaner catfish, so named because it cleans the aquarium. He has a very unusual mouth, like a sucker. Somik eats very interestingly, like a vacuum cleaner. It floats to the surface of the water and sucks in food. We bought him very small, but he grew up very large. It turns out that the larger the aquarium, the more fish grow.
Slide 26
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I also had: - Astronotus-fish-predator. A very large, beautiful fish. She built barricades from the ground. The funny thing was how she did it. Swallowing large stones in her mouth, she dragged them from one place to another. Thus, she built a mountain of stones. They also love to play with plants. Like this.
Slide 29
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The cockerel is a very beautiful fish, but despite this, it is considered a fighting fish. You cannot keep two males in the same tank, otherwise they will always fight. The fishes tear off each other's fins, strive to knock out their eyes, sometimes even tear off the gill covers. If they are not separated in time, one of the males usually dies. Because of this pugnacity, they got their names for cockerels and fighting fish. I once made an experiment, brought a mirror to the cock and he began to fight with his reflection. And he, like a man, as if on a pillow, lay down on the stones and slept.
Slide 31
The cock is resting :)
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In humans, as a rule, the female sex is prettier than the male. And in fish, on the contrary, for example, male guppies are more beautiful and bright. They have a large, variegated tail. male female
Slide 35
I always thought that fish reproduce by spawning. But it turns out there are viviparous fish, like people. Those were my guppies. It was a great surprise for me when she gave birth in front of me already living fish. It was very funny and funny to watch the process, at first two small eyes appear and begin to swim rapidly. And after him more and more and more ... Unlike humans, fish can give birth to up to 30 fry at a time!
Slide 36
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Observing the behavior of the fish, I wondered if they have intelligence, can they talk, and can they be trained to answer the question: "Do fish speak?" I reviewed a lot of interesting material in magazines, encyclopedias and the Internet. Now I can confidently answer: "Imagine, yes!" It turns out that fish not only know how to talk, they are generally quite chatty! Each type of fish has its own language. And they speak not only with their mouths, but also with fins, tails and even special swim bladders.
1 slide
2 slide
Guppies Guppy habitat in nature Northern South America and the islands of Barbados and Trinidad. But at present, as a result of artificial acclimatization, these fish have spread across all continents. The length of the male guppy is up to 3 cm, of the female up to 6 cm. The body of the male is elongated, slender, somewhat flattened laterally. The body of the female is also elongated, with the posterior part more flattened from the sides. Guppy males are much brighter and have not only a beautiful pattern, but also luxurious tails and fins, while the fins of females are short, the color is weak.
3 slide
Black betta (dwarf cockerel or black cockerel) Black betta lives in swampy waters, in the rice fields of the Malacca Peninsula. It has an elongated, slender, almost round body in cross-section. The main body color is reddish brown with brown transverse stripes. Sexual differences: the male has a brighter color and large fins. It grows in length up to 5.5 cm.
4 slide
Gold (Chinese) crucian carp. Goldfish is found wild in Korea, China and Japan. This crucian carp in nature has a golden hue, especially in shallow, well-warmed by the sun reservoirs. The main color of the body and fins is red-golden, the back is darker than the abdomen. In special reservoirs, goldfish can grow up to 35 cm, but in ordinary aquariums, its size is much smaller.
