“Heart disease” - Objective research data. High systolic and low diastolic blood pressure. COMPLAINTS: arise early. 1. Shortness of breath. 4. Hemoptysis. 2. Pain in the heart. 5.Swelling. 3. Cough. Conservative treatment of complications. Mitral valve insufficiency (Insufficientia valvulae mitralis). Aortic valve insufficiency (Insuficientia valvulae aortae).

“Coronary heart disease” - CARDIOLOGIST – a doctor who specializes in cardiovascular diseases. Artificial heart. Cardiology. Common diseases of the cardiovascular system. A stroke causes the death of brain tissue supplied by a damaged blood vessel.

"Cardiovascular diseases" - Results. Reasons for smoking. Hygiene of cardiovascular activity. Major cardiovascular diseases. Hygiene of the cardiovascular system. P2 - P1 T = -------------- * 100% P1 P1 - heart rate in a sitting position P2 - heart rate after 10 squats. Diseases of the cardiovascular system.

“IHD” - Outpatient 24-hour ECG monitoring. Antioxidant therapy does not affect cardiovascular mortality. Doses and method of use of Cardiomagnyl. Further activities. Other methods of prevention Acetyl Salicylic Acid. Practical recommendations. Risk diagrams. Patients who at least temporarily quit smoking are less likely to develop CVDs.

“Hypertension” - The development of anemia or other cytopenias is observed in the later stages of the disease. Congenital liver fibrosis. Diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Epidemiology of portal hypertension. The main marker is antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). Thrombosis of the splenic vein. Ascites. Determination of antibodies to chronic hepatitis viruses.

“Heart Disease” - Risk factors for heart disease. Smoking. Classic symptoms of a heart attack. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Lipids are fats in the circulatory system; cholesterol and triglycerides are two types of lipids. Obesity, stress and physical inactivity. How to eliminate the threat of heart disease? Cholesterol includes low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins.

Relevance Today, diseases of the cardiovascular system have firmly taken first place not only in Russia, but also in the world. The reason for their widespread occurrence in most cases is the industrialization of society with a ruined ecosystem, disgusting nutrition, and endless stressful situations. The severe and progressive course of such diseases certainly implies the use of medicinal plants in the overall treatment regimen. Many chemicals, when used for a long time, have a negative effect on the organs and functions of the body (primarily the liver), that is, they become no less dangerous. Precisely selected infusions of natural plants, although less effective for quickly obtaining therapeutic results, have a mild, prolonged effect and do not harm the body.

Herbal medicine is indicated and useful for initial and mild forms of chronic diseases, especially in older people, as an addition to treatment with synthetic drugs. In addition, herbal medicine can reduce their dosages, which is important given the side effects of the latter. In mild forms of the disease, herbal medicine under the supervision of a physician can be used as the main and even the only method of treatment. Atherosclerosis, mild forms of diabetes, which underlie the progression of many diseases of the cardiovascular system, can be perfectly cured with herbal remedies. Herbal medicine, as a rule, involves long-term courses, from several weeks to six months or more, depending on the nature of the disease.

Blood red hawthorn Increases the body's resistance. Especially the heart muscle and brain to a lack of oxygen in combination with sedative properties provides the effect of use in the initial stages of cardiovascular diseases: vegetative-vascular dystonia vegetative-vascular dystonia Hypertension Climacteric neurosis Atherosclerosis Tachyarrhythmias IHD Recovery period after serious illnesses

Hawthorn fruits Pharmacotherapeutic group: Cardiotonic agent of plant origin. Pharmacological action: Infusion of hawthorn fruit has a cardiotonic, antispasmodic, moderate sedative effect, exhibits hypotensive properties, and normalizes blood clotting. Indications for use: In the complex treatment of functional disorders of cardiovascular activity (neurocirculatory dystonia, cardialgia).

Dietary supplement Heart herbs Dietary supplement - source of rutin. The phytocomplex is recommended to support the cardiovascular system. Rutin supports the proper functioning of even the smallest vessels, ensuring their elasticity and permeability. Potassium and magnesium included in the composition are necessary for the correct conduction of nerve impulses in the heart and coordination of its activity. Ingredients: Hawthorn fruit, valerian root, potassium aspartate, magnesium aspartate, rutin (vitamin P) One tablet contains 0.5 mg of rutin. Helps improve the functional state of the cardiovascular system, mild sedative with a decrease in irritability, improvement of general condition and increased performance, normalization of sleep.

Gerovital Indications: Hypovitaminosis (prevention and treatment), increased need for vitamins, microelements and minerals (intense physical or mental activity, convalescence, postoperative period, after radiation therapy, lactation period; pregnancy, period of intensive growth in children and adolescents; intoxication; stressful situations; poor and unbalanced nutrition). Ingredients: Hawthorn+Multivitamins

Motherwort herb An infusion of motherwort herb has a pronounced sedative effect, a pronounced sedative effect, has antihypertensive properties, has antihypertensive properties, slows the rhythm and increases the strength of heart contractions. slows down the rhythm and increases the strength of heart contractions.

Phytosedan® 2 Calming collection 2 Phytosedan® 2 Calming collection 2 Pharmacological action: The infusion of the collection has a calming, moderate antispasmodic effect. Indications for use: Increased nervous excitability, sleep disturbances, early stage of arterial hypertension (as part of complex therapy). Ingredients: Motherwort herb 40% Hops fruit (cones) 20% Peppermint leaves 15% Valerian rhizomes with roots 15% Licorice roots 10%

Valerian rhizomes with roots An infusion of valerian rhizomes has a sedative and antispasmodic (in relation to the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system) effect. Facilitates the onset of natural sleep. The sedative effect occurs slowly, but is quite stable. Indications for use: Increased nervous excitability, sleep disorders, functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract.

Preparations Valerian Valerian medicinal rhizomes with roots (Valerian tincture) Valerian medicinal rhizomes with roots tincture+Melissa medicinal herb extract+Peppermint leaves extract (Persen), Valerian medicinal rhizomes with roots tincture+Hops fruit extract (sanason)

Novo-passit contains: complex of medicinal plant extracts Hawthorn Hawthorn Hops Hop St. John's wort Melissa Melissa Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), Elderberry Elderberry Valerian Valerian Guaifenesin 200 mg. Guaifenesin 200 mg. Novopassit Novopassit (complex of medicinal plant extracts)

Ingredients: Motherwort herb 25% Oregano herb 25% Thyme herb 25% Valerian rhizomes with roots 17% Sweet clover herb 8% Phytosedan® 3 Calming collection 3 Pharmacological action: The infusion of the collection has a sedative (calming), antispasmodic effect. Indications for use: Increased nervous excitability, sleep disorders, early stage of arterial hypertension, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract (as part of complex therapy).

Sweet clover In case of coronary artery disease, improvement of microcirculation is combined with sedative and antihypoxic effects. In case of IHD, improvement of microcirculation is combined with sedative and antihypoxic effects. Anti-inflammatory activity and normalization of capillary blood flow make sweet clover preparations effective for cardiovascular diseases Anti-inflammatory activity and normalization of capillary blood flow make sweet clover preparations effective for cardiovascular diseases

Sweet clover is used for cerebrovascular disorders, helps with hypertension, atherosclerosis and can be used for prevention. It significantly improves blood supply to the myocardium and slows down the heart rate. Thanks to these properties, sweet clover is used for angina pectoris, coronary thrombosis, post-infarction period, tachycardia, and thrombophlebitis.

Dry grass Indications for use: Cardioneurosis Cardioneurosis Vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type Vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type Hypertensive disease Hypertensive disease Insomnia Insomnia Palpitations Palpitations

Chokeberry Chokeberry Chokeberry contains very valuable flavonoids that have high P-activity and can relieve capillary permeability and fragility. it is rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, P, PP, carotene, copper, manganese, iodine, boron, magnesium, iron, molybdenum. As well as sugars, nicotinic, malic, folic and other organic acids, riboflavin, cyanine, pectin and tannins.

Chokeberry is used for: hypertension angina pectoris atherosclerosis rheumatism diabetes mellitus hyperfunction of the thyroid gland gastritis with low acidity allergies immunodeficiency hemorrhagic diathesis capillary toxicosis radiation injuries to improve digestion

The blood pressure norm is recommended for improving the functional state of the cardiovascular system, with a tendency to arterial hypertension, as an additional source of flavonoids, as an additional source of flavonoids, as well as in adolescence, during menopause, and with vegetative-vascular dystonia. Ingredients (1 capsule 0.3 g): Aronia fruit extract – 0.1 g Hawthorn fruit extract – 0.08 g Sweetweed extract – 0.04 g Sophora japonica buds – 0.04 g Vitamin E – 0.04 g Vitamin C – 0.03 g Magnesium oxide, potassium citrate – 0.01 g

AD minus Composition: 1 table. contains dry buckwheat extract - 41 mg, cucumber extract - 41 mg, buckwheat herb mg; Indications for use: Arterial hypertension.

Angio Norm Indications of the drug Angionorm® As part of complex therapy of conditions accompanied by vascular disorders, such as: increased platelet aggregation (thrombosis, thromboembolism); violation of capillary permeability and microcirculation (capillary thrombosis); violation of venous circulation (varicose veins, postthrombophlebitis syndrome, thrombophlebitis). Ingredients: dry extract obtained from a mixture of medicinal plant raw materials: hawthorn fruits, licorice roots, horse chestnut seeds, rose hips fruits

“sclerosis” - hard) is a disease that affects the walls of blood vessels, mainly arteries of the muscular and muscle-elastic type, which is based on disorders of fat and protein metabolism, primarily cholesterol metabolism, manifested by imbibition of the vascular wall by proteins and lipids with subsequent development around these deposits 3. Dynamics of mortality of the Russian population from diseases of the circulatory system for the period 1980–2002. 4. The dynamics of mortality in Russia for various classes of causes indicate arterial sclerosis, regardless of the cause and mechanism of its development.

Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis - online presentation

“sclerosis” - hard) is a disease

affecting the walls of blood vessels, mainly

thus, arteries of the muscular and muscle-elastic type, based on

disorders of fat and protein

metabolism, primarily cholesterol metabolism,

manifested by vascular imbibition

walls with proteins and lipids, followed by

development around these deposits

3. Dynamics of mortality of the Russian population from diseases of the circulatory system for the period 1980–2002.

4. Dynamics of mortality in Russia for various classes of causes

indicate arterial sclerosis, regardless of cause and mechanism

its development. Atherosclerosis is just a type

arteriosclerosis, reflecting disorders of lipid metabolism

and proteins (metabolic arteriosclerosis). In this interpretation

the term "atherosclerosis" was introduced in 1904 by Marchand and

substantiated by experimental research by N.N. Anichkova.

Therefore, atherosclerosis is called Marchand-Anichkov disease.

Depending on the etiological, pathogenetic and

Morphological characteristics distinguish types of arteriosclerosis:

1) atherosclerosis (metabolic arteriosclerosis);

2) arteriosclerosis, or hyalinosis (for example, with hypertensive

3) inflammatory arteriolosclerosis (for example, syphilitic,

4) allergic arteriosclerosis (for example, with nodular

5) toxic arteriosclerosis (for example, adrenaline);

6) primary calcification of the tunica media of the arteries

7) age-related (senile) arteriosclerosis.

response to damage (R. Ross, A. Glomset, A. Gotto, R. Jackson, 1976).

macrophages and some lipoproteins occurs

first intracellular and then extracellular accumulation of lipids

(cholesterol). In turn, alteration of the vascular wall

promotes both the development of inflammation and

proliferation of smooth muscle cells and their synthesis of collagen,

glycosaminoglycans forming the tire and other

connective tissue elements of an atherosclerotic plaque. Height,

development, and subsequently, rupture of atherosclerotic

plaques promotes the formation and separation of blood clots, the release

atheromatous masses into the lumen of the vessel, initiation of thromboembolic

8. Damage to the vascular endothelium is a trigger for the development of atherosclerosis

9. The role of hypertension in damage to the vascular endothelium

endothelial damage factor

vessels, especially in places

their bifurcations. This phenomenon is good

illustrated below

In section ≪a≫ blood pressure

greatest, shear stress

maximum. Right here

and destruction occurs

endothelial cells and their desquamation

(desquamation) from the surface

vessel. In section ≪b≫ pressure

blood the least. Damage

there is no endothelium in these areas

is happening. As is known,

hypertension and

atherosclerosis is two

processes closely related

themselves, or, more precisely, contributing

development of each other

10. Damage to the vascular endothelium is a trigger for the development of atherosclerosis

20-HETE (20-hydroxyeicosotetraenoic acid)

low-density lipoproteins (LDL, β-lipoproteins, β-LP),

very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, pre-β-LP),

HDL transports cholesterol from cells of various organs and tissues to liver cells, where it

played by apoproteins that are embedded in the lipid monolayer of the membrane

lipoprotein micelle. It is the molecules of apoproteins and lipoprotein micelles that are

ligands that bind the corresponding lipoprotein to its receptor. They're in a row

cases also play the role of cofactors for the corresponding enzymes. Currently

Four types of apoproteins have been identified:

Apo-A – ensures the connection of HDL with the corresponding receptor apparatus.

Apo-B – ensures the connection of LDL with the receptor apparatus of liver cells and

Apo-C-II is a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase, thanks to which triglycerides

removed from chylomicrons and VLDL;

Apo-E – ensures the connection of lipproteins with the receptor apparatus of hepatocytes.

Another type of apoprotein has been described - the so-called apoprotein (a), which

is attributed to the greatest atherogenicity and is part of LDL. The atherogenicity of this

apoprotein is explained by several of its properties. Firstly, it oxidizes easily and

absorbed by macrophages. Secondly, liver cells have the smallest number

receptors for LDL containing lipoprotein (a). And finally, thirdly, there is data on

that LDL containing lipoprotein (a) has increased

activated platelets stimulate the release of factor from the endothelium

growth. The latter stimulates the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells

wall, which leads to its thickening and creates conditions for the formation of

further atherosclerotic plaques. activation of leukocytes, which have

increased adhesion to the endothelium, leads to its damage and contributes to

penetration of lipids into the vascular wall. endothelial permeability increases

and vascular intima for coarse plasma proteins and lipids. Through the endothelium

globulins, albumins, fibrinogen and

lipids. In addition, the permeability of the vascular intima to monocytes increases. When

monocytes penetrate the vascular wall, they transform

macrophages, which begin to actively capture lipids and accumulate them in

vascular wall. the activity of serum hyaluronidase increases, which leads to

depolymerization of hyaluronic acid contained in the vascular wall, and

increasing vascular tissue permeability. Cholesterol broken off in the cell

from LDL by influencing this complex of lysosomal enzymes, through

regulation of the activity of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase contained in cells, responsible for speed control

limiting reaction of endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis, reduces synthesis

the last one. Hypercholesterolemia in the prelipid period has one important

feature: the chemical structure of cholesterol changes. If in intact

in the body, cholesterol esters contain unsaturated fatty acids and such

cholesterol is easily utilized, then against the background of the development of atherosclerosis in these esters

saturated fatty acids appear. This cholesterol is poorly utilized and

retained in the blood serum.

At this stage of atherosclerosis

yellow spots appear in the intima of the vessels

spots. Lipolytic activity

the vascular wall is sharply reduced, in

intimacy is delayed a lot

amount of lipids (result

mechanism), proteins. For these products, and

also into decaying acidic

mucopolysaccharides reaction develops

from the side of the vascular wall in the form

proliferation of connective tissue.

In the vascular wall around deposits

proteins and lipids there is a rapid

proliferation of connective tissue. IN

there is a large number of intimate

“loaded” with fat macrophages (so

called xanthoma cells)

which partly go into the lymph, and

partly disintegrate, thereby increasing

the largest amount of detritus in the vascular

the wall where a dense plaque forms,

protruding into the lumen of the artery.

In a liposclerotic plaque

Two processes are going on in parallel:

increased sclerosis, that is, proliferation

connective tissue, and strengthening

breakdown of protein and lipid masses, then

there is detritus formation.

Atherosclerotic plaque in this

the period on the section is

dense connective tissue

capsule containing

masses of detritus and cholesterol crystals.

At this stage, intimacy becomes thinner,

capsule, the plaque adsorbs on itself

calcium salts and may

6. Atheromatous ulcer

The plaque shell becomes very

thin, the plaque ulcerates, and

atheromatous masses enter the

play the so-called

which are synthesized into

receptors and disrupts

which was already

even more foam cell death

stimulates inflammation due to

(interleukin 1, necrosis factor

tumors, etc.). On the same

period of time activation occurs

smooth muscle cells. Under

influence of a number of growth

factors and pro-inflammatory

they acquire cytokines

mobility, migrate from the media

into the intima and subendothelial layer and

there they become secretory active. Produced

they form collagen

enters into its own cycle

PDGF, α-FGF, TGF-β, IGF – growth factors, IL-1 –

22. Mechanisms of formation of atherosclerotic plaque

a - elastic “yellow” plaque with a large lipid core and a thin cap; b - rupture of the “yellow” plaque c

loss of detritus into the lumen of the vessel (red dots) and the formation of a wall thrombus; c - structure of the “white”

fibrous plaque with a relatively small lipid core and a thick, durable fibrous capsule.

MECHANISMS OF ATHEROGENIC ACTION

Hypercholesterolemia, increased cholesterol and LDL

Increased cholesterol and LDL levels in the postmenstrual period

Decrease in HDL and increase in VLDL

Increase in cholesterol and LDL, decrease in HDL

Decreased HDL, endothelial damage

Genetically determined dyslipidemia

Endothelial damage, atherogenic changes in lipid

blood spectrum, vascular wall trophism disorders

Endothelial damage, increased lipolysis

Atherogenic changes in blood lipid spectrum, endothelial damage

27. Research on primary prevention of atherosclerosis

primary prevention of atherosclerosis

Primary prevention of atherosclerotic diseases in the population

implies a set of government measures aimed at

prevention of atherosclerosis of blood vessels of vital organs and complications with

using non-drug methods to combat risk factors (arterial

hypertension, smoking, hyper- and dyslipidemia, excess body weight,

physical inactivity) and medications (under secondary

Prevention refers to measures taken to

inhibition of disease progression and reversal of existing

The study was devoted to exploring the possibility of implementing

primary prevention of coronary heart disease using an anti-atherosclerotic diet and

stopping smoking. The research program has been carried out since 1972.

in the city of Oslo (Norway). Of 16,202 practically healthy men 40–49 years old were

1232 people were selected with a high risk of coronary artery disease, but with normal blood pressure levels

Particular importance was attached to assessing the actual nutrition of individuals in the group

intervention, teaching them an anti-atherosclerotic diet and monitoring it

compliance. The smoking cessation intervention consisted of conversations about the dangers of

Slide no. 1

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Slide no. 2

Slide description:

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries, accompanied by the formation of single and multiple lipid, mainly cholesterol, deposits or plaques in the inner lining of the arteries.

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Atherosclerosis, or rather increased blood cholesterol, is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases... this is the “RUST OF LIFE”

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The term “atherosclerosis” comes from two Latin words: athere - which means mush, and sclerosis - hard, dense, which reflects the stages of development of an atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis occurs in all people. The first signs of atherosclerosis are detected at the age of five. “Atherosclerosis is a natural aging process” A. Davydovsky

Slide no. 5

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Causes of atherosclerosis The causes of atherosclerosis are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol. But the main cause of atherosclerosis lies in the disruption of cholesterol metabolism.

Slide no. 6

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Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis Gender. Men are more susceptible to developing atherosclerosis than women. The first signs of this pathology can appear as early as 45 years of age, or even earlier, in women - from 55 years of age. This may be due to the more active participation of estrogens and low- and very low-density lipoproteins in the metabolism of cholesterol.

Slide no. 7

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Age. This is a natural risk factor. With age, atherosclerotic manifestations worsen.

Slide no. 8

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Heredity. This is one of the reasons for the appearance of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a multi-cause disease. Therefore, hormonal levels, hereditary disorders of the plasma lipid profile, and the activity of the immune system play important roles in accelerating or slowing down the development of atherosclerosis.

Slide no. 9

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Bad habits. Smoking is poison for the body. This habit is another reason for the development of atherosclerosis. As for alcohol, there is an interesting dependence: drinking small doses of alcohol daily is an excellent prevention of atherosclerosis. True, the same dose also contributes to the development of liver cirrhosis. In addition, large doses of alcohol accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.

Slide no. 10

Slide description:

Excess weight. This factor has a very negative effect on atherosclerosis. Excess weight can lead to diabetes, and this pathology is very malignant for the development of atherosclerosis.

Slide no. 11

Slide description:

Nutrition. Our future health will depend on how healthy our food is, how much it contains the chemical compounds we need. Few people know that not a single diet, except for therapeutic ones, is approved by the World Council of Food Hygiene. You need to eat rationally and adequately to your needs and energy costs.

Slide no. 12

Slide description:

Symptoms of atherosclerosis are often cold, bluish-white extremities; frequent heart problems; memory loss; disturbance of blood supply; poor concentration; the patient becomes irritable and feels tired. People with high blood pressure, weak kidneys and diabetes are more susceptible to atherosclerosis than other people.

Slide no. 13

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Slide no. 14

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Slide no. 15

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Doctors consider atherosclerosis to be the most typical today: of the aorta, causing angina pectoris; kidney; limbs; coronary arteries (coronary heart disease); extracranial vessels, mainly the carotid artery, leading to cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral strokes.

Slide no. 16

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How to treat atherosclerosis? Quitting smoking Physical activity Normalizing body weight Maintaining normal blood pressure Changing your diet

Slide no. 17

Slide 2

• Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries, accompanied by the formation of single and multiple lipid, mainly cholesterol, deposits or plaques in the inner lining of the arteries.

Slide 3

• Atherosclerosis, or rather increased blood cholesterol, is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases
• ... this is “RUST OF LIFE”

Slide 5

Causes of atherosclerosis

• The causes of atherosclerosis are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
• But the main cause of atherosclerosis lies in the disruption of cholesterol metabolism.

Slide 6

Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis

• Floor. Men are more susceptible to developing atherosclerosis than women. The first signs of this pathology can appear as early as 45 years of age, or even earlier, in women - from 55 years of age. This may be due to the more active participation of estrogens and low- and very low-density lipoproteins in the metabolism of cholesterol.

Slide 7

• Age. This is a natural risk factor. With age, atherosclerotic manifestations worsen.

Slide 8

• Heredity. This is one of the reasons for the appearance of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a multi-cause disease. Therefore, hormonal levels, hereditary disorders of the plasma lipid profile, and the activity of the immune system play important roles in accelerating or slowing down the development of atherosclerosis.

Slide 9

• Bad habits. Smoking is poison for the body. This habit is another reason for the development of atherosclerosis. As for alcohol, there is an interesting dependence: drinking small doses of alcohol daily is an excellent prevention of atherosclerosis. True, the same dose also contributes to the development of liver cirrhosis. In addition, large doses of alcohol accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.

Slide 10

• Excess weight. This factor has a very negative effect on atherosclerosis. Excess weight can lead to diabetes, and this pathology is very malignant for the development of atherosclerosis.

Slide 11

• Nutrition. Our future health will depend on how healthy our food is, how much it contains the chemical compounds we need. Few people know that not a single diet, except for therapeutic ones, is approved by the World Council of Food Hygiene. You need to eat rationally and adequately to your needs and energy costs.

Slide 12

Symptoms of atherosclerosis

• often cold extremities of a bluish-white color;
• frequent heart problems;
• memory loss;
• disturbance of blood supply;
• poor concentration;
• the patient becomes irritable and feels tired.
• People with high blood pressure, weak kidneys and diabetes are more susceptible to atherosclerosis than other people.

Slide 13

Stages of development of atherosclerotic plaque

• Simply put, atherosclerosis begins with cholesterol deposits on the walls of a blood vessel with the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. This causes the vessel to narrow (stenosis), reducing blood flow through it. At the next stage of development of atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic plaques are destabilized with disruption of the surface and the formation of necrotic zones. It is these zones that attract blood platelets - platelets, resulting in the formation of a blood clot (thrombosis).

Slide 14

• Formation of a blood clot in a vessel, where: 1 - normal view of a cross section of the vessel; 2 - beginning of plaque formation; 3 - circular deposition of fats in the vascular wall; 4 - complete (or partial) cessation of blood flow in the vessel caused by its thrombosis.

Slide 15

• Doctors consider atherosclerosis to be the most typical today: of the aorta, causing angina pectoris; kidney; limbs; coronary arteries (coronary heart disease); extracranial vessels, mainly the carotid artery, leading to cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral strokes.

Slide 16

How to treat atherosclerosis?

• To give up smoking
• Physical activity
• Normalization of body weight
• Support normal blood pressure
• Changing your diet

Slide 17

Step 1

• We reduce the level of cholesterol and “bad” lipoproteins:
• exclude spicy, fatty, smoked, canned foods and semi-finished products;
• We boil or stew food rather than fry it
• We consume fats only of plant origin
• We exclude products made from premium flour

Slide 18

Step 2

• We increase the level of “good” lipoproteins:
• More seafood
• We regularly exercise

Slide 19

To drink or not to drink?

• It's better not to drink alcohol at all!
• When drinking alcoholic beverages, give preference to white and red wines of weak and medium strength, but no more than 1 glass.
• An alternative to alcohol is bread kvass, containing from 0.5 to 2.5% alcohol.

Slide 20

• To maintain the body and prevent atherosclerosis, you should eat foods low in salt and cholesterol. Eat grains, vegetables, for example: carrots, eggplants, leeks, garlic, boiled fish, yoghurts, sunflower oil and any fruits. Eat large quantities of berries and plants of yellowish-red flowers - for example, hawthorn, rowan, strawberry, viburnum, tansy, etc.

Slide 21

• Thank you for your attention))
• Be healthy!

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