Adverse events in the mountains. Avalanches. Mudflows destroy houses, mountain roads, demolish crops, and create dams. Mudflows. Mudflows can be mud, mud-stone and water-stone. As a result of thirty-degree heat and persistent melting of glaciers, powerful mudflows occurred. The risk of mudflows increases with warming. The approach of a mudflow can be determined by specific noise and rumble. The most common mudflows are mudflows.
“Smoking is harmful to health” - Christopher Columbus. Acetaldehyde. A genus of annual and perennial shrubs. Metabolisms. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Lip cancer. Hydrocyanic acid. From the history. Skin cancer. Tobacco. Ministry of Health Against tobacco. Addiction. People in the world smoke. Methanol. Smoking tobacco. Lethal dose of nicotine. Radioactive elements. They smoke in Russia. Lungs' cancer. Tobacco came to Europe from America. Smoking is harmful to health. Nicotine.
“Shadow of Chernobyl” - Monument to the liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Disadvantages of the reactor. Liquidators. Hiding facts. Memoirs of eyewitnesses. Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov. Monument to participants in the liquidation. The Chernobyl accident. Tragic morning. Vladimir Grigorievich Asmolov. Memorial. Advice. Explosion. The memory of the heroes is alive. An approach to interpreting facts. Cloud of radiation. Monument to heroes. Chernobyl accident. 134 people suffered radiation sickness.
“Rules of conduct in case of radiation accidents” - Turn on the radio. Making a cotton-gauze bandage. Rural population. Carry out iodine prophylaxis. Driving through radioactively contaminated areas. Protect food. Rules for safe behavior. Protection of the population from radioactive fallout. Protect your respiratory system immediately. Wait for information from the civil defense authorities. Actions upon notification of an accident at the ROO. Actions of the population upon notification.
"Rocket and Space Technology" - Expanding Russia's presence in the global space market. Guidelines for the development of RCT in Russia. The sphere of applied use of space technologies. Modernization of ground-based space infrastructure. Creation of space complexes. Development of an orbital constellation of spacecraft. Organizational and structural transformations. Studying literature on the research topic. Directions for the development of rocket and space technology.
“Consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant” - The dangers of nuclear energy. Chronicle of facts and events. How to act in the event of a radiation accident. Disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The territories of Belarus were affected. The world's worst accident. Peaceful atom. Radioactive substances. Consequences of Chernobyl. The danger comes from radioactive cesium and strontium. Total release of radioactive substances.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Increased radiation and the most rational diet Residents of many regions of Russia live in remote places near nuclear power plants and in conditions of increased radiation, consuming the gifts of nature, dachas and, of course, shops. Many people use cheaper products that have not been tested than in government (controlled by the radiation service) trade. This suggests a conclusion... do not buy untested food products. When exposed to ionizing radiation, the human body experiences serious changes.... Disorders of fat, vitamin and mineral metabolism occur. Diseases can manifest themselves in the form of pathologies of the hematopoietic organs, digestive, nervous, etc. systems, a weakening of the body’s immunoprotective function, which leads to a decrease in its activity and general resistance to various types of influences. The nutrition of persons exposed to radiation must satisfy a number of principles.
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Mushrooms now contain higher levels of cesium-137. Many types of technological and culinary processing of mushrooms can reduce the content of radionuclides in them. Thus, washing with running water can reduce the activity of cesium-137 by 18-32%. Soaking dry mushrooms for 2 hours reduces the isotope activity by 81%, and dry white mushrooms by 98%. Cook mushrooms once for 10 minutes. reduces the activity of cesium-137 by 80%, boiling twice for 10 minutes. - by 97%. Therefore, boil the mushrooms twice for 10 minutes. allows you to practically free them from radionuclides.
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Reducing the intake of radionuclides. thorough washing of products; exclusion of meat and bone broth products from the diet; preliminary soaking of meat and root vegetables for 1-2 hours.
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Acceleration of the release of radioactive substances. introduction of additional liquids 500 ml per day (tea, juices); - taking herbal infusions that have a weak diuretic and choleretic effect (chamomile, mint, rosehip, dill); - regular bowel movements, ensured by the use of (whole bread, cabbage, beets, prunes, etc.); -introduction to the menu of products rich in peptides - for binding radionuclides (juices with pulp, apples, citrus fruits, green peas, etc.).
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Using the radioprotective properties of food by introducing proteins that reduce the absorption of radioactive substances and increase immunity (meat, dairy products, eggs, legumes); - use of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (nuts, fish, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds); - consumption of vitamins A - rose hips, carrots, garlic, beef liver, etc. C – rose hips, dill, citrus fruits, black currants, etc. B – meat, dairy products, buckwheat, oats, fruits, etc. E – sea buckthorn, eggs, corn, fish, walnuts, etc.
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Enrichment of the diet with mineral salts to replace radionuclides and replenish the deficiency of micro- and macroelements iodine - eggs, oats, legumes, radishes, iodized salt, etc. cobalt - sorrel, dill, fish, beets, cranberries, rowan, etc. potassium – raisins, dried apricots, prunes, pomegranates, apples, potatoes, etc. calcium - cottage cheese, cheese, legumes, turnips, horseradish, eggs, etc. iron – meat, fish, apples, raisins, chokeberry, etc.
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Use of food Introduction to diet pharma. Preparations: activated carbon tablets, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E, tablets containing calcium. Eating salads, juices, infusions, honey, wheat bran (steamed), this restores the magnetic field and frequency characteristics of cells damaged by radiation. The use of natural dairy products, in particular cottage cheese, cream, sour cream, butter, but not whey in which radioactive elements are concentrated. When preparing boiled meat, the first broth is removed, the meat is again filled with water and cooked until cooked. If the meat is used for cooking, for example borscht, then it is best to use meat that has been boiled twice. Since ruminant herbivores eat large quantities of grass, which may contain radionuclides that pass into the animal's tissue, beef is less preferable than pork. Pork fat is considered absolutely pure, because... radionuclides do not accumulate in it. For this reason, it is healthy and safe to consume lard. Broths, jellied meat, bones, and bone fat should not be consumed.
Slide 14
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In connection with recent events in Japan, which suffered from natural and man-made disasters: earthquakes and tsunamis led to fires and explosions at nuclear power plants. It has now been proven that even small doses of increased radiation can cause a mild form of radiation sickness, decreased immunity and a wide variety of negative consequences in the future. Ingested radionuclides are especially dangerous due to their ability to accumulate in the most vulnerable organs; they are slowly eliminated from the body. Vitamin deficiency increases a person's radiosensitivity and aggravates the course of radiation injury. Ionizing radiation itself can cause pre-existing vitamin deficiencies. A decrease in the body's resistance to radiation exposure serves as a compelling reason for the widespread use of vegetable products in nutrition.
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Reducing the content of radionuclides in food products is facilitated by their correct technological and culinary processing. In carrot roots, when washed, the content of cesium-137 decreases by 6.7 times, and when peeled, by 4.3 times: potatoes must be peeled. At the same time, the activity of cesium-137 and strontium-90 decreases by 30-40%. Removing the covering leaves of white cabbage helps reduce the content of radioactive substances in the cabbage by 5 or more times.
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Reducing the content of radionuclides in food products is facilitated by their correct technological and culinary processing. Cooking (boiling) vegetables in salted water makes it possible to reduce the content of radionuclides by 50%, and in fresh water - by 30%. The same thing happens with other products: meat, fish. After boiling potatoes in salted water, the amount of cesium and strontium isotopes in it decreases by 60-80%. Frying does not reduce the content of radionuclides in food. It is better to fry after preliminary boiling.
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Reducing the content of radionuclides in food products is facilitated by their correct technological and culinary processing. The simplest technological processing of vegetable products (fermentation, pickling, pickling, etc.) helps to further reduce radioactive contamination. It allows you to eliminate the consumption of products contaminated with radionuclides above established hygienic standards. Salting cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, the brine of which is undesirable for food, protects from radiation. In these cases, the activity of cesium-137 entering the diet with salted vegetables will be approximately two times less than its activity in the original fresh products.
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Household sources of radiation - Christmas tree decorations These frequent inhabitants of mezzanines in the 1950s were produced with SPD. Due to the shedding of light mass from old age, they create deadly dust, and Radium-226, which is part of the SPD, when decaying, emits radon in huge quantities. The excess of the natural background in the immediate vicinity of such toys ranges from 100 to 1000 times. The dose rate of some specimens exceeds 10,000 microroentgens/hour.
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Household sources of radiation - minerals and jewelry Radioactive minerals are not uncommon - the most common and dangerous, in my opinion, is the mineral charoite - a beautiful semi-precious stone, often inlaid into rings, necklaces and earrings. And although charoite itself is not radioactive, it often contains inclusions of radioactive thorium-232 (usually black inclusions).
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Radioactive wrist and table clocks Wristwatches are one of the most common radioactive items; they are often handed down from grandparents and kept as a memory, irradiating everything around them. The place where such watches are disassembled or broken turns into a hotbed of radioactive dust, the inhalation of which is guaranteed (sooner or later) to lead to a diagnosis of cancer. They also emit the radioactive gas radon-222, and even if the watch is far from you, inhaling the radioactive gas for years is a big risk. The excess of the natural background in the immediate vicinity of such clocks ranges from 100 to 1000 times. The dose rate of some specimens exceeds 10,000 µR/h
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Household sources of radiation - dishes Old, antique tableware can pose a danger in terms of increased background radiation due to the fact that the radioactive element Uranium was used in its manufacture. It was included in the composition of colored glaze for coating porcelain products and in the composition of the charge for melting colored glass. The daughter products of the decay of Uranium-238 are Radium-226, the radioactive gas Radon-222, the infamous Polonium-210 and a number of other isotopes. All this together is the reason for the significant radioactive radiation that such dishes possess. The equivalent dose rate from such household items can reach 15 microsieverts per hour, or 1500 microroentgens, which is more than 100 times higher than the normal natural background!
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Household sources of radiation - food Radioactive food is a very common occurrence; every summer in Moscow alone, large quantities of radioactive berries and mushrooms are confiscated. If you bought mushrooms or berries outside official markets, you can say with a high degree of certainty that you purchased products contaminated with radiation. Such huge volumes of radioactive products are due to the fact that the Chernobyl accident and accidents at the Mayak enterprise, as well as a huge number of nuclear tests, significantly contaminated the territory of the USSR with isotopes - the Chernobyl imprint can be traced in the territories from Bryansk to Ulyanovsk, where berries such as blueberries or cranberries , as well as almost all mushrooms literally absorb such dangerous isotopes as Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 from the soil.
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Household sources of radiation - photographic lenses Some lenses contain lenses with radioactive thorium dioxide-232; these lenses have a rare low-dispersity property. For a long time, companies such as Kodak, Canon, GAF, Takumar, Yasinon, Flektogon, Minolta, ROKKOR, ZUIKO could not make such lenses without Thorium-232, and the effects of radiation exposure were not sufficiently studied, which made it possible to produce such lenses until the 1980s. A photographer with such equipment in a 12-hour working day receives more than 3,600 micro-roentgens of accumulated dose instead of 120 micro-roentgens, which he would receive without a lens - in a couple of years a solid dose is accumulated and the risk of cancer increases proportionally.
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Military and civilian equipment - compasses Military and civilian equipment - toggle switches Military and civilian equipment - military devices (radiation dosimeter) Military and civilian equipment (smoke detectors) Military and civilian equipment - electronics (lamp equipment). Military and civil equipment - electronics (lamp equipment). ...deadly dangerous Plutonium-239 The most common of them are Hadrianov compasses. For a long time they were the main compasses in the USSR; until the 70s they were produced with SPD. They have a leaky housing through which radioactive dust spills out; other models of compasses had radioactive paint applied to the surface of the device, which was not protected by anything except a small recess on the body. The excess of the natural background in the immediate vicinity of such compasses ranges from 10 to 500 times. The dose rate of some specimens exceeds 5,000 µR/h
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Slide 2
FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION: Is radiation beneficial or harmful?
PROBLEM QUESTIONS:
- NATURE OF RADIATION
- NATURAL SOURCES
- ARTIFICIAL SOURCES
- USES OF RADIATION FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES
- NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF RADIATION
Slide 3
The nature of radiation
RADIOACTIVITY (from Latin radio - emit rays and activus - effective), the spontaneous transformation of unstable atomic nuclei into the nuclei of other elements, accompanied by the emission of particles or g-quanta. 4 types of radioactivity are known: alpha decay, beta decay, spontaneous fission of atomic nuclei, proton radioactivity (two-proton and two-neutron radioactivity have been predicted, but have not yet been observed). Radioactivity is characterized by an exponential decrease in the average number of nuclei over time. Radioactivity was first discovered by A. Becquerel in 1896.
Slide 4
A little information…
RADIOACTIVE WASTE, various materials and products, biological objects, etc., which contain radionuclides in high concentrations and are not subject to further use. The most radioactive waste - spent nuclear fuel - is kept in temporary storage facilities (usually with forced cooling) from several days to tens of years before reprocessing in order to reduce activity. Violation of storage conditions can have catastrophic consequences. Gaseous and liquid radioactive waste, purified from highly active impurities, is discharged into the atmosphere or water bodies. High-level liquid radioactive waste is stored in the form of salt concentrates in special tanks in the surface layers of the earth, above the groundwater level. Solid radioactive waste is cemented, bituminized, vitrified, etc. and buried in stainless steel containers: for tens of years - in trenches and other shallow engineering structures, for hundreds of years - in underground workings, salt layers, at the bottom of the oceans. There are still no reliable, absolutely safe methods of disposal for radioactive waste due to the corrosive destruction of containers.
Slide 5
Natural sources
The population, as already mentioned, receives the bulk of the radiation dose from natural sources. Most of them are simply impossible to avoid.
A person is exposed to two types of radiation: external and internal. Radiation doses vary greatly and depend mainly on where people live.
Terrestrial sources of radiation together account for more than 5/6 of the annual effective equivalent dose received by the population. In concrete numbers it looks something like this. Irradiation of terrestrial origin: internal - 1.325, external - 0.35 mSv/year; of cosmic origin: internal - 0.015, external - 0.3 mSv/year.
- External exposure
- Internal exposure
Slide 6
Artificial sources
Over the past decades, people have been intensively studying the problems of nuclear physics. He created hundreds of artificial radionuclides, learned to use the capabilities of the atom in a wide variety of industries - in medicine, in the production of electrical and thermal energy, in the manufacture of luminous watch dials, many instruments, in the search for minerals and in military affairs. All this, naturally, leads to additional exposure of people. In most cases, the doses are small, but sometimes man-made sources are many thousands of times more intense than natural ones.
- Appliances
- Uranium mines and processing plants
- Nuclear explosions
- Nuclear power
Slide 7
Radiation units
Units of physical quantities”, which provide for the mandatory use of the International SI System.
In table 1 shows some derived units used in the field of ionizing radiation and radiation safety. The relationships between systemic and non-systemic units of activity and radiation doses that were supposed to be withdrawn from use since January 1, 1990 (roentgen, rad, rem, curie) are also given. However, the need for significant costs, as well as economic difficulties in the country, did not allow a timely transition to SI units, although some household dosimeters are already calibrated in new measurements (bek-vrel, eivert
Slide 8
APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION
Medical procedures and treatment methods associated with the use of radioactivity make the main contribution to the dose received by humans from man-made sources. Radiation is used for both diagnosis and treatment. One of the most common devices is the X-ray machine. Radiation therapy is the main way to fight cancer. Of course, radiation in medicine is aimed at healing the patient. In developed countries, there are from 300 to 900 examinations per 1000 inhabitants
Other Applications
Slide 9
RADIATION is one of the damaging factors of nuclear weapons
Penetrating radiation is invisible radioactive radiation (similar to X-rays) spreading in all directions from the zone of a nuclear explosion. As a result of its exposure, people and animals can develop radiation sickness.
Slide 10
Low doses of ionizing radiation and health
According to some scientists, radioactive radiation in small doses not only does not harm the body, but has a beneficial stimulating effect on it. Adherents of this point of view believe that small doses of radiation, always present in the external environment of background radiation, played an important role in the development and improvement of life forms existing on Earth, including man himself.
Slide 11
METHODS OF PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION
A feature of radioactive contamination of an area is a relatively rapid decrease in the level of radiation (degree of contamination). It is generally accepted that the radiation level decreases by about 10 times 7 hours after the explosion, 100 times after 49 hours, etc.
For protection in hazardous areas, it is necessary to use protective structures - shelters, radiation shelters, basements, cellars. To protect the respiratory system, personal protective equipment is used - respirators, anti-dust fabric masks, cotton-gauze bandages, and when they are not available, a gas mask. The skin is covered with special rubberized suits, overalls, raincoats, and a little more detail
Slide 12
Conclusions:
Radiation is truly dangerous: in large doses it leads to damage to tissues and living cells; in small doses it causes cancer and promotes genetic changes.
However, it is not the sources of radiation that are most talked about that pose the danger. Radiation associated with the development of nuclear energy is only a small fraction; a person receives the largest dose from natural sources - from the use of X-rays in medicine, during an airplane flight, from coal burned in countless quantities by various boiler houses and thermal power plants, etc. .
Slide 13
CONTACT INFORMATION
429070, Chuvash Republic, Yadrino district, Yadrino village, secondary school.
Life safety and computer science teacher Savelyev A.V.
View all slides
- What can the effects of radiation on humans lead to? The effect of radiation on humans is called irradiation. The basis of this effect is the transfer of radiation energy to the cells of the body. Radiation can cause metabolic disorders, infectious complications, leukemia and malignant tumors, radiation infertility, radiation cataracts, radiation burns, and radiation sickness. The effects of radiation have a stronger effect on dividing cells, and therefore radiation is much more dangerous for children than for adults.
- How can radiation enter the body? The human body reacts to radiation, not to its source. Those sources of radiation, which are radioactive substances, can enter the body with food and water (through the intestines), through the lungs (during breathing) and, to a small extent, through the skin, as well as during medical radioisotope diagnostics. In this case they talk about internal radiation. In addition, a person may be exposed to external radiation from a radiation source that is located outside his body. Internal radiation is much more dangerous than external radiation.
- Evacuation- a set of measures for the organized removal (withdrawal) from cities of personnel of economic facilities that have ceased their work in an emergency situation, as well as the rest of the population. Evacuees permanently reside in the suburban area until further notice.
- Evacuation is the process of organized independent movement of people directly outside or to a safe zone from premises in which there is a possibility of people being exposed to dangerous factors.
- How to protect yourself from radiation?
- They are protected from the source of radiation by time, distance and substance. Time- due to the fact that the shorter the time spent near the radiation source, the lower the radiation dose received from it. Distance- due to the fact that radiation decreases with distance from the compact source (proportional to the square of the distance). If at a distance of 1 meter from the radiation source the dosimeter records 1000 µR/hour, then at a distance of 5 meters the readings will drop to approximately 40 µR/hour. Substance- you must strive to have as much substance as possible between you and the source of radiation: the more of it and the denser it is, the more of the radiation it will absorb.
PERSONAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Respiratory protection equipment includes
- gas masks (filtering and insulating);
- respirators;
- anti-dust fabric masks PTM-1;
- cotton gauze bandages.
Civilian gas mask GP-5
Designed
to protect people from
entry into the respiratory system,
radioactive on the eyes and face,
poisonous and emergency
chemically hazardous substances,
bacterial agents.
Civilian gas mask GP-7
Civilian gas mask GP-7
intended
to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and face of a person from toxic and radioactive substances in the form of vapors and aerosols, bacterial (biological) agents present in the air
Respirators
represent a lightweight means of protecting the respiratory system from harmful gases, vapors, aerosols and dust
types of respirators
1. respirators in which the half mask and filter element simultaneously serve as the front part;
2. respirators that purify the inhaled air in filter cartridges attached to the half mask.
1. anti-dust;
2. gas masks;
3.gas-dust-proof.
By purpose
A cotton-gauze bandage is made as follows:
1.take a piece of gauze 100x50 cm;
2. in the middle part of the piece on an area of 30x20 cm
lay an even layer of cotton wool thick
approximately 2 cm;
3. About the cotton-free ends of the gauze (about 30-35 cm)
on both sides cut in the middle with scissors,
forming two pairs of ties;
4. The ties are secured with stitches of thread (sewn).
5.If you have gauze, but no cotton wool, you can make
gauze bandage.
To do this, instead of cotton wool in the middle of the piece
lay 5-6 layers of gauze.
2. SKIN PROTECTION
According to their purpose, skin protection products are divided into
special (service)
henchmen
Medical personal protective equipment
intended to prevent the development of shock, radiation sickness, damage caused by organophosphorus substances, as well as infectious diseases
Individual first aid kit AI-2
1 . analgesic in
syringe tube,
2 radioprotective agent No. 1
3 organophosphorus substances radioprotective agent No. 2
4 antibacterial agent No. 1
5 antibacterial agent No. 2
6 antiemetic.
- The “Kyshtym accident” is a major radiation man-made accident that occurred on September 29, 1957 at the Mayak chemical plant, located in the closed city of Chelyabinsk-40. Now this city is called Ozersk. The accident is called Kyshtym due to the fact that the city of Ozyorsk was classified and was not on maps until 1990. Kyshtym is the closest city to it.
Radiation
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Radioactive radiation
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Radiation according to life safety
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Radioactive radiation
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Radiation and public health
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Accidents at nuclear power plants
Slides: 7 Words: 429 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1Nuclear power plants. The world's first industrial nuclear power plant with a capacity of 5 MW was launched on June 27, 1954 in the USSR. History of creation. Everything seemed to be fine, but an emergency happened. The radioactive cloud from the accident passed over the European part of the USSR, Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. Approximately 60% of the radioactive fallout fell on the territory of Belarus. The approach to interpreting the facts and circumstances of the accident has changed over time, and there is still no complete consensus. After the explosion. - Accidents at nuclear power plants.pptx
Nuclear accidents
Slides: 56 Words: 1816 Sounds: 1 Effects: 2"The Plague of the 20th Century". History of the splitting of the atom. Start. In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. A very small amount of matter is equivalent to a large amount of energy. The start of hostilities is scheduled for August 10, 1945. The beginning of the atomic era. A distinctive mushroom-shaped cloud of radioactive dust rose 30,000 feet. This was the beginning of the atomic era. On the morning of August 6, 1945, there was a clear, cloudless sky over Hiroshima. One of the planes dived and dropped something, and then both planes turned and flew away. It was dropped over the city of Nagasaki. - Nuclear accidents.ppt
Nuclear power plant disasters
Slides: 26 Words: 724 Sounds: 0 Effects: 4Overcoming the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Republic of Belarus. Contamination of the territory of Belarus with iodine-131, 1986. Contamination of the territory of Belarus with strontium-90, 1986. Contamination of the territory of Belarus with transuranic elements, 1986. Contamination of the territory of the republic with cesium-137 (as of 01/01/2011). Financing of State programs to overcome the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The area of agricultural land contaminated with cesium-137 is more than 1 Ci/km2. The number of settlements in whose private household plots the production of milk with a cesium-137 content above the permissible level is registered. - Disasters at nuclear power plants.ppt
Radiation accidents
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Radioactive accidents
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Radiation accidents in Russia
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Radiation-hazardous accidents
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Accidents at radiation facilities
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Radiation accidents and disasters
Slides: 18 Words: 652 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Radiation accidents. Loss of control of the source of ionizing radiation. Classification. Human. Preventive measures. Iodine prophylaxis. Examples of radiation accidents. Serious radiation accident. Local accidents. Local accidents. Territorial accidents. Regional accidents. Federal accidents. Transboundary accidents. - Radiation accidents and disasters.ppt
Accidents involving the release of radioactive substances
Slides: 18 Words: 1127 Sounds: 0 Effects: 71Rules of conduct in case of radiation accidents
Slides: 25 Words: 315 Sounds: 0 Effects: 17Rules for safe behavior. Actions of the population upon notification. Turn on the radio. Protect your respiratory system immediately. Close windows and doors. Carry out iodine prophylaxis. Protect food. Wait for information from the civil defense authorities. Protection of the population from radioactive fallout. Rural population. Evacuation of the population. Driving through radioactively contaminated areas. Actions upon notification of an accident at the ROO. Urban population. Types of protective structures. Making a cotton-gauze bandage. Radiation monitoring of the population. - Rules of conduct in case of radiation accidents.ppt
Radiation and chemical reconnaissance devices
Slides: 26 Words: 1184 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Modern radiation and chemical reconnaissance instruments. Knowledge generation. Damaging factors of nuclear weapons. Damaging factors. Dosimetric devices. The principle of detecting ionizing (radioactive) radiation. Methods. Photographic method. Scintillation method. Chemical method. Ionization method. Devices operating on the basis of the ionization method. Classification of dosimetric devices. X-ray meters-radiometers. Dosimeters. Household dosimetric instruments. Chemical reconnaissance devices. The principle of operation of the device. VPHR device. Determination of OM in air. -
