Calendar plan. Scheduled work production schedules Drawing up a work schedule

I. Declaration-application for the certification of the quality system II. Initial data for a preliminary assessment of the state of production

I. Collective analysis and goal-setting of educational work with the involvement of parents, students, class teachers.

I. Medical examinations (examinations) of workers employed in hazardous work and in work with harmful and (or) hazardous production factors

On the basis of the calendar schedule, a schedule of the construction process is drawn up with a clear detailing of the work and performers, with a focus on the capacity of the construction organization, the standard construction time, taking into account the observance of safety rules and the technological sequence of work.

For any construction, you can build a large number of admissible schedules, but the main task of scheduling is to draw up an optimal schedule of work according to the accepted criterion for assessing its optimality.

When developing, the following requirements are imposed on scheduling plans:

1. Compliance with the standard deadlines for the construction of individual structures or complexes and the facility as a whole.

2. Correspondence of the sequence of construction of individual structures (complexes) to the projected sequence of their commissioning.

3. Linking, calendar deadlines certain types works with climatic, hydrological, hydrogeological and other conditions construction site and with the projected methods of work execution.

4. Providing a wide front of work with the parallel execution of their different types.

5. Ensuring uniform loading of construction machines, mechanisms and equipment at the facility.

6. Ensuring a uniform demand for labor force by profession and in general at the facility.

7. Ensuring a uniform demand for building materials, products, energy resources, etc.

The initial data for drawing up a work schedule are:

1. The established volumes by type of work and by their nomenclature.

2. Accepted production methods, types and brands of machines and mechanisms intended for use.

3. The established features of the work performance in connection with the conditions of the construction area (climate, geology, flood control, etc.)

4. The established norms for the production of workers and the need for labor (in man-days)

5. Establishing the performance of the selected machines and determining the need for them (machine-shifts).

To build a work production schedule, you must:

1 - make a list of all works and combine them into sequential technological processes(cycles);

2 - determine the scope of these works in the appropriate units of measurement;

3 - determine the labor intensity (in man-days) of work by dividing the amount of work by the standard output.

The name (list) of works (Appendix E) is made up in the technological sequence of their implementation. In this case, the works are grouped according to their types and periods of execution. This is done in order to calendar plan was laconic and more readable.

The main construction machines(column 5, Appendix E) are planned based on the number of machine shifts required to complete all work on the facility (columns 6, 7, Appendix E). On the basis of these data, schedules of the construction demand for machines are drawn up, indicating the start and end dates of the work of each mechanism.

The total duration of construction of facilities is determined by the formula:

T = T p + T about + T s, (38)

where T is the total construction period, days; T p - the period of preparatory work, days; T about - the duration of the main period, days; T s - the duration of the final period, days.

The duration of execution is determined individual works for structures (column 10).

The number of workers per shift (column 12) is determined in accordance with the labor intensity and duration of work.

The number of workers per shift can be found by the formula (column 12):

According to the duration of the operation of the leading machine T fur, the volume of V stars of work entrusted to the link, and the planned shift of work m, the quantitative composition of each link is determined (column 13):

P zv = V zv / T fur s (39)

The quantitative composition of the brigade N br =

The number of workers by profession and category:

N br = N br * d,

where d - specific gravity labor input by profession and category in the total labor intensity of work.

The number of workers is taken to be equal to the composition of the link per shift. If the work does not fit into the scheduled time, then the number of workers per shift (staff, foremen) is taken as a multiple of the number of members of the link (they increase the number of links by two to three or more times), but not more than the average daily number of workers for one-shift work or half for two-shift work. (N Wed).

The duration of work can be increased by 10-15% against the calculated one, i.e. the coefficient of use of the shift time is 0.9-0.85.

For mechanized work, the number of machines is taken (column 7). The duration of mechanized work (column 10) is determined by the dependence:

T fur (40)

where M is the number of machine shifts; K - accepted number of cars; С - accepted shift of work.

If the duration of the work is known, then the number of machines is determined as follows (column 7):

Determination of machine productivity - actual and normal (columns 8 and 9).

The standard performance will be:

Actual performance will be:

The required productivity of machines in technologically related operations should be the same or different, but more than 10-15%.

The product of the standard performance of machines by their number must correspond to the required performance.

For work performed manually or using machines in auxiliary operations, the duration of work (column 10) is determined by the formula:

where Tch is the labor intensity of the work; B - the number of workers per shift.

Completing the work schedule. In accordance with the accepted technological and organizational sequence, lines are drawn against the corresponding work. The length of the line in millimeters (taking into account the scale) must correspond to the duration of work (column 10) with the addition of the number of non-working days for this period.

Above the line, indicate the number of workers per day, and below it, the number of working days. The graph "Schedule of work" should cover the entire calendar period of construction. It is allowed to take the duration of all months for 30 days.

The first line is written: "Preparatory work". The volumes and resources are not indicated, but in the work graph, a line is drawn from the start of the construction period to the start date of the main period.

Development of a schedule for the movement of machines and workers on the construction site. On the basis of the calendar plan (on the right side of it), a schedule of movement of workers by profession is drawn up. One should strive to ensure that the quantitative composition of workers with a certain profession remains constant throughout the entire period of construction. If this cannot be achieved, then the best option is when the “peaks” and “troughs” in the workers' movement schedule do not exceed 10-15%.

Scheduling the movement of workers is caused by the need to calculate the area of temporary structures (dressing rooms, canteen, rooms for heating workers, etc.).

Under the column "Schedule of work" of the calendar plan, the time axis is drawn on the same scale, and the axis of the number of workers in the accepted scale is drawn perpendicular to it. Then the time of the beginning and the end of the work and the number of workers are transferred from the work schedule, superimposing them sequentially from the beginning of construction to the end (Figure 16).

The quality of the construction of the schedule is assessed by the coefficient of uneven movement of workers:

Kn = Nmax / Ncp< 1,5,

where Nmax is the maximum number of workers per shift in construction, people; Ncp - the number of workers equal to W / T; W is the sum of labor costs (column 4); T is the duration of construction according to the calendar plan, days.

If there are sharp drops on the graph of the movement of workers or K n does not satisfy the boundary conditions, then the graph is corrected.

Figure 16 - Schedule of movement of workers:

Before adjustment; ---------- after adjustment.

Scheduling the use of machines. In the column "Average daily number of machines" of Table 5, the start and end dates of work from the "Work Schedule" of the calendar plan are transferred, recording the number of machines above the line, and below the line - the number of working days for the calendar period of work.

If the company receives an order for construction work, it needs to plan organizational arrangements... All stages of work and supervision over their implementation must be clearly defined and scheduled. For more details on how the construction schedule is drawn up, read on.

The essence

Schedule of the event construction works- This is a document that establishes the sequence, the relationship between the time and timing of assignments. It is developed according to the rules and regulations at the stage of drawings by the POS design organization. It is then supplemented by a production plan drawn up by the contractor.

The planning objectives are:

justification of the duration of construction;
determination of the terms of putting the elements of the complex into operation;
calculation of the duration of work;
determination of the size of capital investments, the list of tasks;
calculation of delivery times for materials and equipment;
determination of the required number of personnel and types of equipment.

Let's take a closer look at how to make a calendar.

Algorithm

A list and scope of work is drawn up.
The choice of production methods is carried out.
The standard labor intensity is calculated.
Brigades are being formed.
The sequence of the tasks is determined.
The estimate is calculated.
Intersections of works are determined.
The calculated need for personnel and time is adjusted taking into account the standards.
A schedule is drawn up for the provision of basic resources (workers, machines and mechanisms) and the supply of materials, structures and semi-finished products.

The development of the schedule is carried out on the basis of:

Accepted construction flow.
Standards for the duration of work.
Technical maps, working documentation and estimates.
Information about the participants, the composition of the teams, the available equipment, material resources.

Structure

The schedule, an example of which is presented below, consists of the calculated (left) and graphic (right) parts.

The first part contains the following information:

List and scope of work.
Labor intensity, time expenditures, calculated according to the standards.
The efficiency of the equipment in 2 shifts. Interruptions, downtime, change of location should be minimized.
Duration of mechanized and manual work.
The maximum number of people employed in production.
Number of shifts: equipment is involved in two shifts, and personnel in one.

The graph on the right side clearly reflects the progress of work, their sequence, linkage. The terms are set based on the standards.

Training

First, all measures are taken to ensure the rhythmic conduct of construction. Personnel are recruited, materials, machinery and equipment are purchased in the required quantity. The method of erection of the building is determined, the sequence of works is developed, their duration in time.

When a method of building a building is chosen, the following points need to be taken into account and discussed:

the need to strengthen the walls of the pit;
method of concrete supply, wall laying;
type of structure;
the complexity of the drawings;
volume of events;
soil survey data;
the position of the construction site, transport links;
availability of space for equipment;
special conditions;
restrictions of the local administration, for example, the presence of a number of architectural monuments.

The structure, the procedure for performing work in the preparatory period depends on the technology, local conditions. Onsite works include installation of tasks, development of the area, activities that provide start-up, development of construction:

creation of a geodetic reference network;
clearing the territory;
demolition of unnecessary buildings;
terrain planning;
installation of surface water runoff;
installation of permanent and temporary roads;
relocation and installation of new networks to supply workers with water and electricity;
installation of temporary structures;
communication device for construction management.

Duration of work

The construction time of a building consists of segments of the duration of the individual work. Some activities may overlap with each other. This is called crossing. For example, you can reinforce and install the formwork of the basement floor after the construction of part of the walls. The construction schedule should take these intersections into account.

To calculate the time required to complete all tasks, you need to divide the structure into captures. The list of works is divided into steps for the manufacture of individual elements, information on the volume and cost of resources. Depending on the length of the day and the number of workers, the time required for the construction of the element is determined. The sum of the timing of all work is the period of construction of the building. If the duration specified in the contract is less, the desired result can be achieved by extending the working day or increasing the number of personnel.

Time representation

Scheduling provides for a graphic representation of the work. The most commonly used beam scheme. Time segments are displayed in the form of beams: horizontal - days and weeks, vertical - building construction segments.

The path-time diagram is used to display specific construction tasks, for example, the construction of roads, tunnels. The horizontal axis is called the track axis, and the vertical axis is called the time axis. With the help of the diagram, you can calculate the progress, the period of time between work groups.

Sometimes used network plan... Each segment is displayed on the time axis. In this case, the earliest and latest work completion time is shown - "critical path". The plan is compiled using a computer.

Connection

The work schedule depends on the traffic congestion. Due to heavy traffic, the lead time may be extended. And it's not only the timely delivery of material and equipment, but also the soundproofing of the territory. The construction site must be connected to transport links. Make the most of the street network. On it, temporary, most often bypass roads are additionally laid.

On adjacent sites, road and pedestrian safety means must be provided. Restraining bands, new road markings, a place for storing materials: horizontal, dry, with a bearing capacity, accessible for vehicles should be installed. In such places, masonry stones, reinforcement, sand, gravel, formwork elements are located, which are then moved using a crane.

Plan

Name	Volume		Expenses labor	Equipment		Term, days	Number of shifts	Number of workers	Brigade	Operating schedule
	Unit rev.	Qty	Persons - days	Naim.	Number
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11

Responsible __________________________________________

Let's take a closer look at how the production schedule is filled in.

The first column indicates a list of activities and periods (preparatory, main) of their implementation in the technological sequence. Further, the number of works, the need for human (man / day) and machine resources, calculated in accordance with the standards of the GESN, is indicated.

The machines are selected first by technical parameters (digging depth, lifting capacity, bucket capacity, etc.), and then by economic costs... Depending on the volume and terms of work, the need for equipment is calculated.

Let's calculate the need for mechanized work (M / R).

M / R = Km: (Ko x Ks x K), where:

Km is the number of machine shifts.
Ko is the amount of equipment (6).
Ks is the number of shifts per day (8).
K - coefficient of overfulfillment of production (1.05-1.25).

The duration of manual work is determined by dividing labor costs in person / day. per work from the number of employed persons, the number of shifts and the overfulfillment rate (1.05-1.25). That is, the previous formula is used, only the numbers from column 4 of the plan are substituted into the numerator.

Number of workers

This indicator is determined depending on the labor intensity. The composition of the brigade is calculated according to the following rule: the transition between captures should not affect the number and qualifications of the composition. Algorithm:

a set of works for a specific team is determined (column 1);
the labor intensity is calculated (column 4);
labor costs by profession are excluded;
recommendations for combining professions are taken into account;
the duration of the process is set;
the size of the brigade is calculated.

The work complex of the brigade consists of the operations necessary for the smooth operation of the main machine. For example, the construction of the visible part of the houses is carried out in two cycles. In parallel with the assembly, carpentry, providing preparation of the building for painting.

In order for the number of workers in the brigade (N) to correspond to the productivity of the main machine, a calculation is made based on the duration of the work:

N = Q: T, where:

Q - labor costs (man-days).
T is the duration of the process.

Nuances of counting

The equipment operates in two shifts, and handicraft are performed in one. The number of employed persons is determined by the composition of the brigade (10). In column 11, the work performed in one shift is indicated by one line, for 2 shifts - by two. Above them indicate the number of drivers and shifts: 2 x 1. Then the standard time is compared with the real one. It is important that the approved schedule coincides with the actual one.

The calendar plan is assessed by the coefficient of unevenness of movement (Кр):

Кр = Nm: Nav, where:

Nm is the maximum number of workers.
Nav is the average number of employees.

If Cr<1,5, то календарный план считается удовлетворительным.

Schedule

The timetable contains a visual display of the work progress. The sequence depends on specific decisions. For example, the method of laying electrical networks is determined by the stages of plastering and painting work. Concealed electrical wiring is installed before finishing the premises, open - up to plaster. It is also necessary to provide for technological breaks.

The period of the year and the area of construction are of great importance. In the summer, you need to do earthwork, concrete, reinforced concrete work. During this period, their labor intensity and cost are reduced. If the finishing falls on the autumn-winter period, then before this moment it is necessary to complete the glazing and installation of heating. To shorten construction time, you can focus on parallel and cross execution of works. But you need to follow the rules of labor protection.

Scheduling starts with the main process, on which the entire duration depends. The time to complete the work can be reduced by increasing the estimate and the number of personnel. Depending on the season, plan, task complexity, several processes can be distinguished.

All other work is divided into two groups: performed in parallel and separately. The first group includes plumbing, electrical, plastering. The due date is tied to the main process, the number of captures is set. The time to complete the second group of work is assigned during periods of inactivity.

The work schedule is the main operational document for the implementation of all construction work at the facility. The construction of a work schedule allows you to establish the sequence of work performance, duration and mutual coordination in the work of individual sections of workers. When building a schedule, it is necessary to strive to reduce the duration of work by increasing the shift and overlapping certain types of work in time, without violating the safety requirements.

When filling out the graphs of the schedule (schedule) for the production of work, the name of the work is recorded in column No. 1. At the same time, if the calculation provides for a separate determination of the labor intensity of work, for example, when the excavator is working, it will work and with loading into vehicles, then the value of the total labor intensity is set here, since the excavator performs these operations as needed in a single flow of work on digging a foundation pit.

When filling out column No. 3, the values of the volume of work are put down from the calculation, which, if necessary, are summed up taking into account the name of the work in column No. 1. Similarly, the summary value of labor costs is transferred from the calculation to column No. 4, which must first be translated into man-days ... by formula (7.3).

When developing schedules, the directive value of the deadline for the entire complex of works is set as an initial parameter. The specified period for the production of work allows you to determine the required number of shifts per day (column No. 8), which is taken 1-2 shifts.

The duration of each type of work is recommended to be assigned a multiple shift or 0.5 shift. To do this, it is allowed to round off the values of labor costs (column No. 4) with a percentage of fulfillment of standards not exceeding the values of software - 125%. The final value of the duration of work (column No. 7) is assigned by dividing the rounded value by the accepted number of shifts and the number of workers employed in this work. The norm of time in the ENiR is given taking into account the number of workers in the link of workers employed in this work. If the number of shifts fails to ensure the completion of work on time, then the required number of links can be increased (the number of workers per shift (column No. 9)).

The calendar schedule should reflect the accepted technological scheme of work processes, linking in time technological operations and work methods. The schedule should provide for the possibility of combining operations, the transition of links or teams from one job to another and an increase in labor productivity for this link. When prioritizing the execution of processes and operations, it is necessary to be guided by the following provisions:

a) the specified period of work;

b) observe a rational technological sequence
performing operations;

c) strive for the possible combination of the execution of individual iterations;

d) observe the uniformity of work.

The duration of individual operations in the flow is determined based on the previously calculated requirements for mechanisms and labor intensity for individual processes.

When developing the right side of the work schedule (column No. 11), it is necessary to observe a strict sequence in the graphic representation of the processes being performed. Processes are graphically displayed in the form of lines (in the form of one line when working in 1 shift; in the form of two parallel lines when working in 2 shifts), and the length of the lines must correspond to the duration of this type of work in days.

If several types of earthworks are carried out in the same stream at the same time period (for example, with the development of soil in the excavation and moving it into the embankment, three more types of work are performed simultaneously, but periodically: loosening the soil, leveling the soil in the embankment and rolling the soil in the embankment), they are shown with dotted lines, but with an earlier (later) beginning and end of work in relation to the main work "excavation in the excavation and moving into the embankment."

In accordance with the work production schedule, a schedule of changes in the number of workers and a schedule of movement of the main machines and mechanisms are built, which depict the daily output of workers to work, as well as the work of the machines and mechanisms involved.

Example:

Column 1 - write down the name of the work.

Columns 2, 3, 4 - are transferred from the cost estimate.

Columns 5 and 6 - in accordance with the selected set of machines.

Columns 7, 8 - the labor costs from the calculation are converted from man-h (mash-h) to man-day (mash-cm) by dividing by 8.

Column 9 - we select the number of shifts per day.

Column 10 - duration, obtained by dividing labor costs (column 7) by the number of shifts per day (column 9).

Column 11 - the duration of work in days, we obtain by dividing the duration in shifts (column 10) by the number of shifts (column 9).

FOR EXAMPLE:

Table 14. Schedule of work production.

Name of works

Scope of work

The composition of the brigade (link)

Required machines

Labor costs

Number of shifts per day

Duration of work

Working day

Unit.

Qty

Brand

Qty

h.d.

m. cm.

shifts

days

Vertical layout of the site (summer period)

Cutting the vegetation layer with a bulldozer

1000m 2

270,75

6th machinist

DZ-25

16,2

8,1

4,05

Development and movement of soil with a scraper

100m 3

9,97

Tractor driver 6th

DZ-20

3,9

1,95

Compaction of soil with a roller

100m 3

10,57

Tractor driver 6th

DZ-39A

1,42

0,71

Final layout of the site by a bulldozer

1000m 2

270,75

6th machinist

DZ-25

6,77

3,38

1,69

Development of pits (winter period)

Loosening of frozen soil with a bar machine	100m.p.	25,92	6th machinist	KMP-3		13,9	13,9	13,9	6,95
Development of frozen soil with a single-bucket excavator (backhoe)	100m 3	6,62	6th machinist	EO-3322B		2,89	2,89	2,89	2,89
Also not frozen ground	6,78	2,03	2,03	2,03	2,03
Transporting soil by dump trucks	1 t		6th machinist	Kraz-256
From the pits			8,49	8,49		1,70	1,70
For a sand pillow	48,93		0,2	0,2		0,2	0,2
For backfilling	2036,37		7,64	7,64		1,91	1,91
Layout of the bottom of the pit (sand cushion device)	1t	48,93	Excavator 2nd	-		21,41	-	5,35	2,68
Backfilling of soil with a bulldozer	100m 3	12,05	6th machinist	DZ-25		0,34	0,34	0,34	0,34
Backfill soil compaction with electric rammers	100m 3	3,01	Excavator 3rd	IE-4502		0,72	-	0,72	0,72
Compaction of the backfill soil with a roller	100m 3	9,03	Tractor driver 6th	DZ-39A		1,22	1,22	1,22	1,22
Installation of foundations (winter period)
Manual installation of metal formwork	1m 2	249,6	Locksmith 4th and 3rd	-		12,17	-	6,09	3,04
Installing meshes and reinforcement cages into the formwork manually	1 frame		Rebar 3rd and 2nd	-		2,1	-	1,05	0,5
1 mesh		11,6	5,8	2,9
Laying the concrete mix with a crane	1m 3	59,7	Concrete worker 4th and 2nd	-		3,13	-	1,57	1,57
Manual dismantling of metal formwork	1m 2	249,6	Locksmith 4th and 3rd	-		6,55	-	3,28	1,64

This article discusses scheduling for a contract for construction and installation work between the Customer and the Contractor. It means that the project documentation has already been developed, it probably already has a schedule - see the construction organization project (PIC), but this schedule is not always suitable for the project implementation (for example, the actual delivery time of equipment is not taken into account, etc.).
The construction of an object very often has a long duration (sometimes several years), the beginning of the production of some works depends on the completion of others, therefore, to control the timely completion of individual stages of construction and the commissioning of the object on time, a calendar schedule for the production of works is drawn up.

An example of scheduling the construction of a residential building

The schedule is tied to real numbers and dates, so you need to know exactly the start date of construction. In the construction organization project (PIC) there is a section for the duration of construction - we take the duration from there. For example 12 months. We break the sheet so that all 12 months fit.
Then we take the estimate documentation, we calculate the number of estimates. How many estimates there are so many lines. We enter the name of the work for which the estimate was drawn up (for example, "general construction work" or "heating of a residential building", taking into account the sequence of works. For each type of work, we also enter the estimated cost and labor intensity.
To determine the sequence of each type of work, you need to think. The laying of external networks and other earthwork is best done when the soil is not frozen. Planting of perennial grasses, shrubs and trees at the end of the construction site and during the warm season. Asphalt concrete pavement until frost. Finishing work in winter depends on heating. If the heating is from gas boilers, then the gas network must be completed.
The schedule must also indicate the dates of the commissioning (commissioning). The time of their implementation depends on the completion of the installation of equipment, networks and systems requiring commissioning, usually this is the end of construction.
The last month is conditionally allotted for the commissioning of the facility in the schedule. This is the time to eliminate deficiencies, complete all work, remove temporary buildings and structures, conduct an acceptance commission, etc.

The duration of the individual stages of work in the schedule.

To determine the duration of the stage, you need to know the complexity. Labor intensity is the amount of labor time spent on the production of a unit of output. For example: manual excavation with a volume of 400 m3, labor input of 500 people. - days. The duration of the stage (days) is equal to the labor intensity / number of people. This means that 1 person will dig 400 m3 of soil for 500 days, and 10 people for 50 days, and 50 people for 10 days.
The amount of labor input for the schedule is taken from the corresponding estimate. Here, too, you need to think, if work with great laboriousness is performed on the chart in 2 days, then this is not entirely correct. And vice versa, work with low labor intensity on the graph shows it takes 8 months and, having counted it, it turns out that 0.5 excavator does it - this is also not entirely true.

The cost of individual stages of work in the schedule.

The contract between the Customer and the Contractor usually provides for penalties for failure to meet the deadlines for the work under the contract, the annex to which is the work schedule. For each stage, the schedule indicates the cost, start date and end date of work. The amount of the fine is calculated depending on the number of days of delay and the cost of this stage of work (the calculation of the amount of the fine is carried out in accordance with the contract).