Description of the presentation Technological capabilities and advantages of CNC machines Lecture on slides
Technological capabilities and advantages of CNC machines Lecture 3 General information about control systems. Structure of CNC machine and CNC system. The advantages of CNC machines. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of using CNC machines. Classification of CNC systems: digital display systems, positional, contour, combined (mixed) systems. Type designation of the CNC device. Model designation of the CNC machine. CN, CNC, SNC, HNC, DNC systems; open-loop, closed, self-adjusting CNC systems.
General information about control systems and CNC machines Under the control of a machine tool it is customary to understand the totality of influences on its mechanisms, ensuring the implementation of these mechanisms of the technological processing cycle. A control system is a device or a set of devices that implement these effects. Manual control - the decision on the use of certain influences of the elements of the working cycle is made by a person - a machine operator. Operator based on decisions taken turns on the corresponding mechanisms of the machine and sets the parameters of their work. Manual control operations are carried out both on non-automatic universal and specialized machine tools for different purposes, and for automatic machines... In automatic machines, manual control is used to implement adjustment modes and special elements of the working cycle. Here, manual control is often combined with digital indication of information coming from position sensors of the actuators.
Automatic control consists in the fact that decisions on the use of the elements of the work cycle are made by the control system without the participation of the operator. It also issues commands to turn on and off the machine mechanisms and controls its operation. A machining cycle is called a set of movements of the working bodies of the machine, which are repeated during the processing of each workpiece. The complex of movements of the working bodies in the cycle of the machine tool is carried out in a certain sequence, that is, according to the program. An algorithm is a method for achieving a goal (solving a problem) with an unambiguous description of the procedure for its implementation. By functional purpose, automatic control is divided as follows: control of unchanged repetitive processing cycles (for example, control of aggregate machines that perform milling, drilling, boring and thread-cutting operations by performing motion cycles of multi-spindle power heads); control of variable automatic cycles, which are set with the help of individual for each cycle analog material models (copiers, sets of cams, stop systems, etc.) and etc. ;
Numerical control (CNC), in which the program is set in the form of an array of information recorded on a particular medium. Control information for CNC machines is discrete, and its processing in the control process is carried out by digital methods. Cycle program control (CPU) Cycle program control system (CPU) allows you to partially or completely program the machine cycle, machining mode and tool change, as well as set (using the preliminary setting of stops) the amount of displacement of the executive bodies of the machine. It is an analog closed-loop control system and has a fairly high flexibility, i.e., it provides an easy change in the sequence of switching on the equipment (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that controls the elements of the cycle.
Block diagram of the cyclic program control device 1 - program setting block, 2 - step-by-step program input block, 3 - machine cycle control block, 4 - control signal conversion block. 5, 6 - drives of the executive bodies of the machine tool, electromagnets, couplings, etc., 7 - sensor feedback From block 1, information enters the automation circuit. The automation circuit (usually performed on electromagnetic relays) coordinates the work of the cycle programmer with the machine's executive bodies and a feedback sensor; strengthens and multiplies teams; can perform a number of logical functions (for example, provide canned cycles). From block 3, the signal enters the executive device, where the executive elements 5, 6 ensure the execution of the commands specified by the program. Sensor 7 controls the end of processing and through block 4 gives a command to block 2 to turn on the next stage of the program.
In devices of cyclic control in numerical form, the program contains information only about the cycle and processing modes, and the amount of movement of the working bodies is set by setting the stops. The advantages of a CPU system are simplicity of design and maintenance, and low cost. The disadvantages are the laboriousness of dimensional adjustment of stops and cams. It is advisable to use machines with a CPU in the conditions of serial, large-scale and mass production details of simple geometric shapes. CPU systems are used to equip turret-turning, turning-milling, vertical drilling machines, modular machines, industrial robots (PR), etc.
Numerical programmed control (CNC) By numerical programmed control (CNC) a machine tool is understood as the control according to a program specified in an alphanumeric code, the movement of the machine's executive bodies, their movement speed, the sequence of the machining cycle, cutting mode and various auxiliary functions. Based on the advances in cybernetics, electronics, computing technology and instrumentation, fundamentally new software control systems were developed - CNC systems, widely used in machine tool construction. In these systems, the amount of each stroke of the machine tool is set using a number. Each unit of information corresponds to a discrete movement of the executive body by a certain amount, called the resolution of the CNC system or the price of a pulse. Within certain limits, the executive body can be moved by any value that is a multiple of the resolution.
In CNC systems, all the way from the preparation of the control program to its transfer to the working bodies of the machine, we deal only with information in digital (discrete) form, obtained directly from the drawing of the part. The trajectory of movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece being processed in CNC machines is represented as a series of its successive positions, each of which is determined by a number. All information of the control program (dimensional, technological and auxiliary) necessary to control the processing of a part, presented in text or tabular form using symbols (numbers, letters, conventional symbols), is encoded (ISO -7 bit code) and entered into the memory of the control system from a computer or directly using the keys on the control panel. The CNC device converts this information into control commands for the executive mechanisms of the machine and monitors their execution. Therefore, in CNC machines, it became possible to obtain complex movements of its working bodies not due to kinematic connections, but due to the control of independent coordinate movements of these working bodies according to a program specified in numerical form. In the conditions of serial, small-scale and one-off production, the reduction of production preparation time by 50-75%, a decrease in the total duration of the processing cycle by 50-60%, and a reduction in the cost of designing and manufacturing of technological equipment by 30-85%.
The CNC device is intended for issuing control actions to the working bodies of the machine in accordance with the control program entered into the information input and readout unit. The block of technological commands is used to control the cyclic automatic machine tool, consisting mainly of actuating elements such as starters, electromagnetic clutches, solenoids, end and travel switches, pressure switches, etc., providing execution of various technological commands (tool change, spindle speed switching, etc.), as well as various interlocks during machine operation.
The interpolation block is a specialized computing device (interpolator) that generates a partial trajectory of the tool movement between two or more points specified in the control program. The output information from this block, which is sent to the control unit of feed drives, is usually presented in the form of a sequence of pulses for each coordinate, the frequency of which determines the feed rate, and the number determines the amount of movement. The specified feed rate along the machined contour of the workpiece, as well as the acceleration and deceleration processes are provided by the feed rate block.
The program correction block is used to change the programmed processing parameters: feed rate and tool dimensions (length and diameter). The block of canned cycles allows you to simplify the programming process when processing repetitive elements of a part, for example, when drilling and boring holes, tapping, etc. The feed drive of the working bodies consists of a drive motor, its control systems and kinematic links.
The accuracy of movement of the working bodies of a CNC machine depends on the applied control scheme of the feed drives: open (without a system for measuring the actual displacements of the controlled working body) or closed (with a measuring system). In the second case, the control of the accuracy of processing control signals for each controlled coordinate of the machine is carried out by a feedback sensor (DOS). Accuracy this control is largely determined by the type, design and location of the sensors on the machine. Depending on the type of basic machining operations, machines are divided into technological groups: turning, milling, drilling - milling - boring, grinding, multi-operation. By the number of tools used, CNC machines are subdivided into: multi-tool, with the number of automatically changing tools up to 12, as a rule machines with a tool turret; multi-operation, with the number of automatically changing tools more than 12, equipped with a special tool magazine of a chain or drum type.
The advantages of CNC machines. 1. Improving processing accuracy; ensuring the interchangeability of parts in serial and small-scale production, 2. Reduction or complete elimination of marking and locksmith-lapping works, 3. Simplicity and short changeover time; 4. Concentration of processing transitions on one machine, which leads to a reduction in the time spent on the installation of a workpiece, a reduction in the number of operations, working capital in work in progress, time and money spent on transportation and control of parts; 5. Reducing the cycle of preparation for the production of new products and the timing of their delivery; 6. Ensuring high accuracy of processing parts, since the processing process does not depend on the skills and intuition of the operator;
7. Reduction of defects caused by the worker; 8. Increase in productivity of the machine as a result of optimization of technological parameters, automation of all movements; 9. Possibility of using less qualified work force and reducing the need for skilled labor; 10. Possibility of multi-station service; 11. Reduction of the machine tool park, as one CNC machine replaces several manual machines. The use of CNC machines allows you to solve a number of social tasks: improve the working conditions of machine tool workers, significantly reduce the proportion of heavy manual labor, change the composition of workers in machining shops, make the problem of labor shortages less acute, etc.
General recommendations for increasing the efficiency of using CNC machines: 1. Make extensive use of multi-position fixtures. ensuring the processing of several parts of the same or different design (this is especially important when using GPS, since sets of parts for one product can be fixed and manufactured on the device in one cycle). 2 Use intermediate plates with precisely machined holes or grooves, which reduces the time for setting up and changing equipment for a new part; in addition, it protects the working surfaces of the table, etc. from wear. 3 Use a combination tool of short length and precise design, preferably with replaceable coated inserts (also for drilling and reaming). This contributes to increased machining conditions, tool life and reliability, as well as reducing the time required for tool change and table positioning, and reducing the number of tools required to machine a part and the number of pockets in the tool magazine.
4 The machine should have a device for monitoring the state of the cutting edge, fixing the operating time with an indication of the moment of changing the tool; 5 All tools must be set up outside the machine. 6 Assign a sequence of hole machining based on real time consumption, i.e., process a number of holes of the same diameter with one tool, or process each hole completely with a tool change; 6 In the process of machining, first perform the transitions that require the highest spindle speed, for example, at first it is advisable to drill a hole of small and then large diameter; 7. Avoid frequent abrupt changes in the spindle speed; 8 CNC machines, regardless of the accuracy class, should be used only for work limited by the technological purpose of the machine, permissible loads, sizes of cutters, drills, etc. drawing, can be processed on machines of a lower accuracy class.
Classification of CNC systems by the nature of movement of working bodies Classification of CNC systems based on technological tasks of processing control
Positional CNC systems - provide control of the movements of the working bodies of the machine in accordance with the commands that determine the positions specified by the control program. In this case, movements along different coordinate axes can be performed simultaneously (for a given constant speed) or sequentially. These systems are mainly equipped with drilling and boring machines for processing parts such as plates, flanges, covers, etc., in which drilling, countersinking, boring, threading, etc. are performed (for example, model 2 P 135 F 2, 6902 MF 2, 2 A 622 F 2 -1).
The feed rate of the working body of the machine, the direction of which coincides with the direction of the tangent at each point of the specified machining contour. Contour CNC systems, in contrast to positional ones, provide continuous control of the movements of the tool or workpiece one by one or along several coordinates at once, as a result of which very complex parts can be processed (with simultaneous control in more than two coordinates). Mainly turning and milling machines are equipped with CNC contouring systems (for example, mod. 16 К 20 ФЗ, 6 Р 13 ФЗ). Contour CNC systems - provide control of the movements of the working bodies of the machine along the trajectory and with the contour speed specified by the control program. The contour speed is the resulting
Combined CNC systems combine the functions of positional and contour CNC systems. Are the most complex and more versatile. In connection with the increase in the degree of automation of CNC machines, complication) and the expansion of their technological capabilities (especially multi-operational), the use of combined CNC systems increases significantly (for example, mod. IR 500 MF 4, IR 320 GShF 4; 2206 PMF 4, 6305 F 4).
A separate group includes machines with digital display and a preset of coordinates. These machines have an electronic device for setting the coordinates of the desired points (preset of coordinates) and a cross table equipped with position sensors, which gives commands to move to the required position. In this case, each current position of the table is displayed on the screen (digital indication). In such machines, you can use a preset of coordinates or digital indication. The original work program is set by the machine operator. In models of CNC machine tools, the letter Ф with a number is added to indicate the degree of automation: Ф 1 - machines with digital display and a preset of coordinates; F 2 - machines with positional CNC systems; Ф 3 - machines with contour CNC systems; Ф 4 - machines with a combined CNC system for positional contouring.
In addition, the prefixes C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4 and C 5 can be added to the designation of the model of a CNC machine, which indicates different models of CNC systems used in machine tools, as well as various technological capabilities of machines. For example, the machine model 16 K 20 F 3 S 1 is equipped with the CNC system "Kontur 2 PT-71", the machine model 16 K 20 F 3 S 4 is equipped with the CNC system EM 907, etc. limit switches, stops, etc. are used as control elements, the C index is introduced in the model designation, and the T index is introduced with operating systems (for example, 16 K 20 T 1). According to the method of preparation and input of the control program, the following are distinguished: operational CNC systems (in this case, the control program is prepared and edited directly on the machine, in the process of processing the first part from a batch or imitating its processing); adaptive CNC systems for which the control program is prepared, regardless of the place of machining the part. Moreover, the independent preparation of the control program can be carried out either with the help of computer facilities that are part of the CNC system of this machine, or outside it (manually or using an automated programming system.)
In accordance with international classification, all CNC devices are divided into the main classes according to the level of technical capabilities: NC - Numerical Control - created on the basis of calculating analog devices, as a result of which they have a "rigid" architecture adapted to a specific machine model, usually based on a stepper drive. At each cycle of processing the workpiece, the NC is read in blocks - one is processed, the other is written to the buffer memory. With this operating mode, significant loads on the reader and the material of the software carrier, therefore, system failures often occur. SNC - Stored Numerical Control - retain all the properties of the NC class, but differ from them in the increased amount of memory. CNC - Computer Numerical Control - made on the basis of micro. Computers and allow you to create CNC devices that combine the functions of machine control (usually with drives based on DC motors) and the solution of individual problems of preparation of UE. The peculiarity of systems of this class is
Opportunities to change and correct during the operation of both the UE of the part processing, and the properties of the functioning of the system itself, in order to maximize the consideration of the features of the model, this machine. In the memory of the CNC system, the NC is entered completely, from the software carrier or in the dialogue mode with the machine control panel. DNC - Direct Numerical Control - retain all the properties of systems of the CNC class and at the same time have the ability to exchange information with a central computer serving a group of machines, production area or workshop.
Control systems of the feed drive in CNC machines. Scheme of an open-loop control system of the feed drive of a CNC machine tool: 1, 2, 3, - elements of the hydraulic drive; 4 - toothed pair; 5-way screw; 6 - working body of a CNC machine. Open-loop systems are characterized by the presence of one stream of information coming from the reading device to the executive body of the machine. The disadvantage is that there is no feedback sensor and, therefore, there is no information about the actual position of the executive bodies of the machine.
Structural diagrams of closed-loop CNC systems: a) - closed with a circular DOS on the lead screw; b) - closed with circular DOS and rack and pinion c) - closed with linear DOS on the working body of the machine Closed CNC systems are characterized by two flows of information - from the reader and from the feedback sensor along the way. In these systems, the mismatch between the specified and actual values of the displacements of the executive bodies is eliminated due to the presence of feedback. The operation of closed-loop CNC systems is based on the principle of tracking control systems.
Closed-loop CNC system with a circular DOS on the lead screw In such CNC systems, the position of the working member is indirectly measured using a circular DOS mounted on the lead screw. This scheme is quite simple and convenient from the point of view of DOS installation. The overall dimensions of the used sensor do not depend on the size of the measured displacement. When using circular DOS mounted on the lead screw, high requirements are imposed on the accuracy characteristics of the screw-nut transmission (manufacturing accuracy, rigidity, absence of gaps), which in this case is not covered by feedback.
Closed CNC system with circular DOS and rack and pinion Closed CNC systems of this type also use circular DOS, but measuring the movement of the machine tool through the rack and pinion. In this case, the feedback system covers all transmission mechanisms of the feed drive, including the screw-nut transmission. However, inaccuracies in rack and pinion manufacturing can affect the accuracy of displacement measurements. To avoid this, it is necessary to use a precision rack and pinion gear with a rack, the length of which depends on the stroke of the machine tool. In some cases, this complicates and increases the cost of the feedback system.
Closed-loop CNC system with linear DOS on the working body of the machine tool Similar CNC systems are equipped with linear DOS providing direct measurement of the movement of the working body of the machine. This allows feedback to cover all transmission mechanisms of the feed drive, which ensures high accuracy of movements. However, linear DOS is more complicated and more expensive than circular; their overall dimensions depend on the stroke length of the machine tool. The accuracy of linear DOS operation can be affected by machine errors (for example, wear of guides, thermal deformations, etc.).
Block diagram of the CNC system with compensating for machine errors CNC systems with compensating for machine errors are equipped with additional feedback systems, with sensors that take into account machine errors (thermal deformations, vibrations, wear of guides, etc.)
Structural scheme adaptive system CNC Adaptive (self-adapting) CNC systems are characterized by three streams of information: 1) from a reading device; 2) from the feedback sensor along the way; 3) from sensors installed on the machine and controlling the processing process according to such parameters as wear of the cutting tool, changes in cutting and friction forces, fluctuations in the allowance and hardness of the material of the workpiece being processed, etc. Such systems allow you to adjust the processing program taking into account the actual cutting conditions.
Questions for self-control 1. What is meant by the control of the machine? 2. What is the difference between manual and automatic control? 3. What types of controls are divided into automatic control according to their functional purpose? 4. What is meant by numerical control? 5. Name the main elements included in the CNC device. 6. What are the main advantages of CNC machines? 7. What are the general recommendations for improving the efficiency of using CNC machines? 8. How are CNC systems classified and their designation. 9. What are the methods of entering control programs. 10. Name the classes of CNC devices according to the level of technical capabilities. What is the difference between them? 11. What schemes of feed drives are used in CNC machines and what is the difference between them?
The invention of a mechanical drive made it possible to free a person from physical labor, but the control was carried out manually. The development of production has led to automation. By the middle of this century, a system was formed: ACS - an automatic control system of a mechanical type, i.e. the control program is carried out in the form of real-life analogs.
Cams (music box):
Physical storage media have 2 disadvantages:
The information of the drawing of the part from digital turns into analog in the form of a complex curved surface, this transformation is associated with the loss of information, and such a material form is associated with the wear of the carrier program.
It is necessary to produce carrier programs in metal with high precision, and to shut down the equipment for a long period to carry out its adjustment.
Digital electronic control systems:
CNC - such a system in which the program for moving the working bodies and the technology of the command are transferred to the control computer in the form of digital alphabetic codes.
The CNC system deals only with digital its shape.
This form of information allows you to apply all modern facilities microprocessor technology, i.e. automate the preparation of the program itself, and quickly change the program control. Changeover to new program CNC machine takes 1-2 minutes.
The general direction of modern progress is the replacement of all fur. electronic systems and the creation of a unified digital field.
Structurally, the CNC is an autonomous electronic unit, consisting of: BTK - a block of technological commands; MP - the microprocessor controls two coordinates (now up to 20).
Distinguish:
NC (Numeral Control) - numerical control; system with frame-by-frame reading of punched tape.
SNC (Stored Numeral Contral) - stored program; the control command is read out 1 time and processing cycles are carried out on it.
CNC (Computer NC) is a CNC device with a built-in computer, which can simultaneously store several dozen programs, correct, edit them.
DNC (Director NC) - direct control of the machine from the computer. Management of the order of operas., The whole section.
HNC (Handed NC) - operational software control; manual data entry on the control panel.
By principle traffic control there are 3 groups of equipment:
With a positional CNC system, it is controlled automatically by the tool from point to point, on the way to real. processing: (drilling machines).
With a contour CNC system; moving along a complex path occurs continuously (milling machines).
equidistant
With a combined CNC system, combines 1 and 2 control systems, therefore the most expensive.
By the number of the used tool distinguish between machines:
With one tool
A lot of tooling with WG (tool control turret) up to 12 pieces.
Multipurpose; equipped with specials. tool magazine and manipulator for changing tools (from 12 to 80-120 pcs.)
Indexing of CNC machines:
C-cycle control.
F1 - digital indexing machine. supplied with simple devices, information is read on the screen (little used).
F2-position CNC.
Ф3-contour.
Ф4-combined, also used in the designation:
R-CNC with revolver.
M-CNC in the presence of a tool magazine (accuracy indication is saved)
P.V.A. (P - increased accuracy, V - high accuracy, A - special high accuracy)
6B76PMF4 (6-on a multi-purpose milling machine, P -increased accuracy, M-with a tool magazine, 4-combined control system).
The main technological feature of CNC machines is that a high concentration of processing occurs on one machine at one workplace. Consequently, the number of operations is reduced by 10-15 times, in 2-3 operations the entire technological process is performed, the duration of operations is reduced by several hours.
These features impose additional organization conditions for CNC machines. Now 15-20% of the park is made up of CNC machines.
Limitation of the use of CNC: expensive equipment with complex mechanics and electronics. In modern production - 15-20% of the fleet of CNC machines.
This is an automated device for working with blanks and obtaining finished products from different materials (stone, glass, plastic, metal, wood, etc.). The principle of operation of a milling machine depends on a number of parameters: the type of operation (rough or fine cutting), the tool used (cutter model), the shape of the finished product (cylinder, square, flat, three-dimensional). There are also many important role the design of the device, its cooling system, the height of the portal, its length and width also play a role.
Treatment
Milling of durable materials (stone, metal) occurs at a very high speed - from 25 to 30 thousand revolutions per minute. Less durable materials (wood blanks) are processed at a speed of 18 thousand revolutions per minute. And very soft products, such as plastic and glass, are most often processed at 4-5 thousand revolutions per minute. The ability to change the spindle rotation speed is carried out using an inverter in a specific technical application. Note that a large decrease in rotation speed reduces the torque on the spindle shaft. It is possible to compensate for this using an inverter, but only partially by maintaining the torque (special function).
Additional options
Nowadays, CNC milling machines have a number of additional devices to simplify the work and increase the technological capabilities of the machine. For example, at the time of milling wood products, modern CNC machines have the opportunity to exclude the ingress of production waste into important parts of the machine. For this, an aspiration system is used that sucks in and removes the chips from the cutting area.
If it is necessary to make a more complex, shaped product (for example, a baluster), a rotary device is installed on milling machines.
During fine milling of parts, single-edge spiral cutters are used to obtain a smooth surface and cut edges.
When milling solid materials(granite, metal) there is a strong heating of the spindle and the cutter itself. Cooling systems are of different types:
- The pressurized flow directs the fluid to the cutter itself.
- Spraying oil in the form of a mist "oil layer".
The dimensions of the working surface and the height of the portal are selected based on the dimensions of the workpiece being processed. Accordingly, the working table of a CNC milling machine must be larger than the dimensions of the workpiece being processed. The calculation of the portal height (parameters of the Z axis) is calculated from the distance from the top point of the working surface to the location of the cutter on the spindle. The height must be selected from the maximum thickness of the materials to be processed, taking into account the margin. When installing the swivel mechanism, take into account, for processing rotating workpieces, that the height of the portal must be at least 150 mm.
Machine beds
Machine beds can be cast from cast iron or steel, welded from thick-walled steel pipes of rectangular cross-section. Cast iron bed better dampens vibration, but heavier. Cast steel beds are lighter and can be repaired by welding.
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By the type of work performed, milling machines are:
- engraving and milling,
- drilling - milling,
- turning and milling and many other types.
Milling can process materials such as:
- tree,
- plastic,
- graphite,
- as well as all types of metals and their alloys (steel, cast iron, aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, etc.)
The used cutting tools, cutters, are also very diverse. The sophisticated design of the machines allows them to perform a wide range of material processing operations: engraving, drilling, milling, carving, cutting large slabs and much more.
The principle of operation of the milling machine is such that it allows, within the framework of one executed program, to automatically change the tool - the cutter, change the rotational speed of the cutter and the angle of rotation of the spindle. Everything the listed functions and the properties of the equipment open up very great opportunities for the use of milling machines in various fields and industries. They can be used for cutting and cutting out dimensional plates, as well as fine processing of the smallest details.
For example, a milling and engraving machine, despite the impressiveness and massiveness of its design, can perform, in addition to drilling, cutting cutting of materials, very delicate engraving, accurately and clearly transferring the smallest details of the original image to the workpiece. The engraving accuracy of a properly debugged machine is fractions of a millimeter.
Milling machines of the latest generation allow processing not only flat parts, but also processing workpieces using 3D programs, creating three-dimensional shapes. Such universal possibilities CNC machines were appreciated by the manufacturers of modern furniture. The machines allow realizing the most complex design solutions: curved furniture fronts, carved furniture plates, complex cutting of furniture boards, decorative milling on both sides of the furniture board.
It is impossible to do without milling machines and woodworking enterprises specializing in suburban housing construction. Carved stairs with pretentious balusters made of ash, oak or walnut, doors with complex ornaments, wooden arches and other decorative and functional interior elements cannot be performed without the use of universal CNC milling machines.
The huge advantages of such versatile equipment as CNC milling machines have opened the way for them in all areas. modern production... Among the most important advantages, it is worth noting high productivity and manufacturability of manufacturing various products, easy control, quick entry into a working production line, almost complete absence of defects in the manufacture of parts, since CNC milling machines are controlled by a computer, which eliminates the human factor of influence on production.
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To approach perfection in the art of creating volumetric decorative elements will help the processing of relief forms on a CNC milling machine.
The convex relief of carved decorative elements, in contrast to the usual drawing on a plane, gives the image the volume necessary for its improved perception by the viewer. Volumetric relief images adorn the monuments of ancient architecture, while remaining at the same time unsurpassed elements in the decorative finishing of modern architectural structures.
Relief patterns are created on a plane - wood, stone, metal, concrete surfaces are used as materials - giving building structures a special flavor and keeping their visual appeal for many years. In recent decades, synthetic materials have also been used for carving, such as plastic, plexiglass, etc. artistic modeling, carving, embossing. Artistic products created in this way self made able to decorate the most sophisticated interiors and exteriors.
Technical capabilities of CNC machines
Modern automatic milling equipment(CNC machines) are able to reproduce the most complex relief patterns. With the help of milling on flat parts, you can get any volumetric images, including original design developments or 3D models developed using special programs and posted on networks.
It is possible to make a copy of the author's work on a CNC milling machine with absolute accuracy, without the risk of losing the artistic qualities of the product - for this you will need to perform a number of preparatory work. Today, the processing of embossed forms on CNC milling machines is widely used for the manufacture of embossed decorative elements that are not inferior in external and artistic merits to handmade products.
By digitizing author's works, exact copies of them can be made on CNC milling machines, which can be of interest to both authors and a wide range of art carving lovers. In the same way, virtual 3D models of design developments can be embodied in real elements of volumetric decor. The created 3D model is further transformed into a control program that sets the parameters for processing parts in accordance with the selected pattern of the workpiece.
For the production of complex relief images on CNC milling machines, three degrees of freedom of movement of the tool are sufficient. To check the quality of the created program, the processing simulation method is used - the movement of the machining cutter is performed without touching the surface of the workpiece. This check of the part program eliminates the possibility of inaccuracies during subsequent processing.
The sequence of processing reliefs on CNC milling machines
The unique technical capabilities of universal CNC milling machines ensure high precision processing of complex reliefs, not inferior to the quality of products manual production... In addition, thanks to the program created for each specific relief, you can make any number of copies, making it much faster than it is possible with manual work.
Human participation in the processing on a milling machine consists only in the preparation of the process, on the level of which the result depends, and the sequence of actions does not depend on the complexity of the relief of the future product:
Program execution is impossible without tooling - tool change in accordance with the intended machining sequence. Manual replacement of milling cutters is time consuming, slowing down the process of machining difficult terrain.
Additional benefits
In order to optimize the machining process on CNC milling machines, special technologies are provided. One of them is an automatic tool change using a special device. The sets of cutters located in it are used for sequential processing of the material in accordance with the set program. The bookmark of the tool in the "magazine" of the device is carried out during the preparatory work. Tool change occurs automatically, without operator intervention and without stopping the machine. In this case, operations are not provided for resetting the workpiece, which allows you to maintain the required processing accuracy.
Along with universal milling machines configured for processing workpieces using three-dimensional 3D models, more advanced four-five-axis machines are also used for the manufacture of relief products of increased complexity. Thanks to design features new equipment, the cutting tool gets additional degrees of freedom, thus increasing the technological capabilities of production. In the process of machining, the cutter moves along a more complex route, simultaneously processing several surfaces with a constant position of the workpiece.
Thus, the use of improved equipment makes it possible to implement the most complex projects of embossed decor with increased accuracy, with minimum quantity additional operations, including tool change.
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Attention! New! High-precision laser machine CCD IL-6090 SGC (with camera), equipped with an advanced optical object recognition system. Thanks to modern software and high-quality components, the machine is able to independently recognize and scan the necessary objects from a variety of presented ones, and then cut them out within the specified boundaries according to the required parameters.
Good day! The INTERLASER company informs you about a huge supply of lenses, mirrors for laser equipment Prices are the lowest for lenses and mirrors: Lenses for ZnSe laser machines (USA): diameter 20, focus 2 (50.8 mm) - 3 304 rubles, diameter 20, focus 5 (12.7 mm ) - 3 304 rubles, diameter 25, focus 2.5 (63.5 mm) - 7 350 rubles Lenses for ZnSe lasers (China): diameter 20, focus 2 (50.8 mm) - 2,450 rubles, diameter 20, focus 5 (127 mm) - 2,450 rubles 25, focus 2.5 (63.5 mm) - 4 900 rubles Mirrors: diameter 20 mm, thickness 2/3 mm - 840 rubles, diameter 25 mm, thickness 2/3 mm - 980 rubles, diameter 30 ...
Pellet mill - designed for the production of wood pellets (pellets) from dry wood waste. The main processed raw material is sawdust. Small pellet mills make it possible to obtain pellets from any biomass. Small pellet mills are in demand in private households, as well as in small industries. They are used for the production of pellets, for heating premises, as well as for the production of animal feed. more ......
Decrease in prices for laser machines large format Rabbit series. Laser machine Rabbit 2030 (laser tube 80W), 2000х3000 mm Price from warehouse - 960 000 rubles, price on order - 800 000 rubles Laser machine Rabbit 2030 (laser tube Reci W2), 2000х3000 mm Price from warehouse - 971 000 rubles, price on order - 811 000 rubles Laser machine Rabbit 2030 (laser tube Reci W6), 2000x3000 mm Price from warehouse - 1 028 500 rubles, price on order - 868 500 rubles Laser machine Laser FB 1525, working surface 1500х2500 mm Price from warehouse - 729 600 rubles, price under order - 608 000 rubles Laser machine Laser FB 1626, working surface 1600x2600 mm Price from warehouse - 835 200 ...
INTERLASER is pleased to inform its customers about a significant (12.5%) price reduction for Carver-0609 milling machines. The new models of Carver-0609 milling machines are equipped with a 1.5 kW water-cooled spindle, an electronic table zero point sensor, advanced Taiwan HIWIN rail guides on all axes, and a water pump is supplied with the machines. The milling machine is controlled via a DSP controller, software Type3 is supplied in the kit. Delivery of equipment is carried out within 60 working days from the date of prepayment (70% of the cost). For all questions, please contact our sales offices by phone numbers listed on the site.
