Workstations with VDT and PC in relation to lighting projects should be located so that natural light falls from the side, mainly to the left.
Layouts of workplaces with VDTs and PCs should take into account the distance between desktops with video monitors (in the direction of the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor), which should be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors should be at least 1, 2 m.
Window openings in rooms where VDT and PC are used must be equipped with adjustable devices such as: blinds, curtains, external canopies, etc.
The video monitor screen should be located at a distance of 600 - 700 mm, but not closer than 500 mm, taking into account alphanumeric characters and symbols, Fig. 7.5.
Premises with VDT and PC must be equipped with a first aid kit and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
Rice. 5. Layout of workplaces relative to light openings
Keyboard requirements
The keyboard design should provide for:
Execution as a separate device with the possibility of free movement;
Supporting device that allows you to change the angle of inclination of the keyboard surface in the range from 5 ° to 15 °;
The height of the middle row of keys is no more than 30 mm;
The location of frequently used keys in the center, bottom and right, rarely used - up and left;
Highlighting by color, size, shape and location of functional groups of keys;
The minimum size of the keys is 13 mm, the optimal size is 15 mm;
Keys with a depression in the center and a pitch of 19 ± 1 mm;
The distance between the keys is at least 3 mm;
The same stroke for all keys with a minimum pressure resistance of 0.25 N and a maximum pressure of no more than 1.5 N;
Sound feedback from turning on the keys with adjusting the level of the sound signal and the ability to turn it off.
Table 11 - Time of scheduled breaks depending on the duration of the work shift, type and category of labor activity with VDT and PC
Requirements for the organization of medical care for VDT and PC users
Professional users of VDT and PC must undergo mandatory preliminary (upon admission to work) and periodic examinations in the manner and within the time limits established by the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia and the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia.
Persons who do not have medical contraindications are allowed to work directly with VDT and PC.
Women from the time of the establishment of pregnancy and during the period of breastfeeding are not allowed to perform all types of work related to the use of VDT and PC. Employment of pregnant women should be carried out in accordance with the "Hygienic recommendations for the rational employment of pregnant women."
conclusions
The chapter discusses the impact of hardware technical means networks per person. Direct operation of the developed software is produced on a computer and for production purposes, therefore, when working, it is necessary to be guided by safety rules.
The computer user is faced with such influence of physical factors as elevated level noise, insufficient illumination of workplaces, electric current, static electricity, incorrect ergonomics of the place, the state of the production room.
Conclusion
V modern conditions the search for an optimal solution to the problem of organizing the interaction interface acquires the character of a complex problem, the solution of which is significantly complicated by the need to optimize the functional interaction of enterprise employees with each other and with the technical means of the automated control system in the conditions of their changing nature professional activity.
Particular emphasis in the implementation of these tasks, the design and development of AIS should, of course, be given to modern CASE-tools for program development, since they most optimally allow you to design solutions based, first of all, on the requirements for a consistent user interface, which is the interface Windows. No third-party product available today offers the same ease of use, performance, and flexibility as Delphi does. This language bridged the gap between 3rd and 4th generation languages, combining their strengths and creating a powerful and productive development environment.
In this thesis thesis was designed automated system accounting of sales of the Pharmacy "Rigla".
In the course of writing thesis the following was done:
8 The activity of the Rigla Pharmacy was analyzed;
9 Examined functional responsibilities employees and the essence of the sales accounting process;
10 Development tools are selected;
11 The structure of the system being developed is designed;
12 User interface developed;
13 Implemented and tested AC on data concrete example;
14 Calculated economic effect from implementation
The designed speaker takes up a minimum of space and memory, provided all the connections between the data. You can easily enter new data into it. The database fully meets the requirements of the client, as it is easy to use and provides the necessary information.
All set goals as a result of the work have been achieved.
In short, workplace is an open or closed area of the territory or space, equipped with the necessary production facilities, within which the employee is engaged labor activity... It can also be assigned to a group of employees. Usually a certain part of the general production cycle is carried out at the workplace.
It is logical that in order to achieve high labor productivity it is necessary for him to provide such conditions under which his efficiency will be the highest.
Important! The employer should adapt the workplace, taking into account not only the specific type of activity, qualifications, but also the individual physical and psychological characteristics of each employee.
General requirements for the organization of the workplace
These requirements are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN) and other legal documents.
The main goal of organizing a workplace is to ensure high-quality and efficient performance of work in compliance with the established deadlines and with the full use of the equipment assigned to the employee.
To achieve it, the workplace is subject to organizational, technical, ergonomic, sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements.
What requirements should the employee's workplace meet?
Labor protection is a primary requirement!
The most important requirement in organizing a workplace is to ensure safe, comfortable working conditions, to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents. This whole complex of measures is called labor protection at work.
In other words, labor protection, in fact, is a system of legislative acts in conjunction with socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures and means that ensure safe working conditions and preserve the health of employees of the enterprise.
For this, it is necessary to create favorable working conditions in accordance with sanitary standards, safety engineering, ergonomics, and aesthetics.
Indoor microclimate
The legislation of our country strictly regulates the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. In particular, when the average daily temperature outside is below 10 ° C, the amplitude of its fluctuations in the room should be 22-24 ° C. At a temperature external environment more than the specified value - 23-25 ° С. In case of temporary non-observance of these conditions in one direction or another, the duration of the working day is reduced (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 of June 21, 2016 No. 81).
Protection from the harmful effects of computer technology
Since today it is impossible to imagine office work without a PC, there are standards for employees who use in their work computer technology... For example, when working with a computer with a flat-panel monitor, the workplace must have an area of at least 4.5 square meters. m, when using a picture tube monitor - 6 sq. m. After each hour of operation, the room must be ventilated (SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 of May 30, 2003). The same normative act regulates the height, width and depth for the legs under the work table, stipulates the obligatory presence of a footrest with a corrugated surface.
The level of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, radiation and ultraviolet radiation, radio frequency ranges and other factors harmful to the health of employees are also regulated by the norm.
Attention! In basements, the use of copiers, printers and other office equipment is prohibited, and appropriate standards for the distance between technical means have been established for ordinary offices (SanPin 2.2.2. 1332-03).
Lighting requirements
Also, the relevant articles of SanPin establish standards for lighting. For example, the illumination in a room should be between 300 and 500 lux. When using artificial lighting, the lighting parameters must ensure the possibility of good visibility of the information issued by the personal computer screen. For local lighting, luminaires installed on work tables or specially equipped panels for vertical installation are recommended (SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.).
Noise requirements
For the noise level, the maximum threshold is set at 80 decibels (SanPin 2.2.4. 3359-16).
Regulatory documents provide for the installation of special foundations or shock-absorbing gaskets under the main noise-generating equipment and other equipment, as well as the use of materials that absorb noise.
Providing conditions for eating
The procedure for eating at the workplace is governed by Article 108 Labor Code RF, SNiP 2.09.04-87:
- if the number of employees is less than 10 people, a place with an area of at least 6 sq. m, equipped with a dining table;
- with the number of employees up to 29 people required area is twice as much;
- if the company employs up to 200 employees, it is necessary to have a canteen;
- if the number of employees exceeds 200, the canteen must be provided with raw materials or semi-finished products.
Unregulated situations
If situations arise that are not regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards (roof leaks, toilet faulty, etc.), the employee has the right to refuse to work. At the same time, the employer is obliged to offer him other employment until the problem is completely eliminated. If such a decision is impossible, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to declare a downtime with the payment of a penalty in the amount of at least 2/3 of the average wages employee.
Of the ergonomic requirements for the workplace, the following should be additionally noted:
- The choice of a rational location of the working surface and area, taking into account the anthropometric data of a particular employee.
- Provision of measures to prevent or reduce the premature fatigue of an employee, the occurrence of a stressful situation in him, taking into account the physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his character. By the way, according to psychologists, workers who constantly use electronic computers in their work are much more stressed than their less "advanced" colleagues.
- Ensuring speed, safety and ease of maintenance in both normal and emergency working conditions.
Technical parameters include equipment with innovative technology, fixtures, laboratory equipment, cargo handling mechanisms, etc.
Employer's responsibility
According to the requirement of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the relevant federal executive body establishes the procedure for certification of workplaces in order to determine the factors affecting the safety of working conditions in production. The employer is responsible for every violation of the established legislation.
At the first violation officials and individual entrepreneurs are warned or fined from 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The same for organizations - a warning or a fine in the amount of 50-80 thousand rubles (article 5.27.1. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, part 1).
In case of repeated violation of part 5 of this article, more severe penalties are already provided:
- officials are subject to a fine of 30-40 thousand rubles or disqualification from one to three years;
- the amount of the fine for individual entrepreneurs similar, or their activities may be administratively suspended for up to 90 days;
- organizations can be fined 100-200 thousand rubles or also be subject to an administrative suspension of their activities.
Instead of a conclusion
According to the state of workplaces at a particular enterprise or office, one can judge not only the level of work organization and production culture in them, but also about their solidity and the degree of trust of potential and current customers in them.
1. Layouts of workplaces with VT should take into account the distance between desktops with video monitors (in the direction of the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor), which should be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors should be at least 1, 2 m.
2. Workplaces with HT in rooms with sources of harmful production factors should be located in isolated cabins with organized air exchange.
3. Window openings in rooms where VT is operated must be equipped with adjustable devices such as: blinds, curtains, external canopies, etc.
4. Workstations with VT when performing creative work requiring significant mental stress or high concentration of attention, it is recommended to isolate from each other with partitions 1.5 - 2.0 m high.
6. When designing the equipment and organizing the workplace of the VT user, it is necessary to ensure that the design of all elements of the workplace and their relative positioning to ergonomic requirements, taking into account the nature of the activities performed by the user, the completeness of the technical means, forms of work organization and the main working position of the user.
7. Characteristics of the used workplace:
Height of the working surface of the table 750 mm;
Height of legroom 650 mm;
Seat height above floor level 450 mm;
The surface of the seat is soft with a rounded front edge;
Possibility of placing documents on the right and on the left is provided;
The distance from the eye to the screen is 700 mm;
Distance from the eye to the keyboard 400 mm;
Distance from the eye to the documents 500 mm;
It is possible to adjust the screen in height, tilt, left and right directions.
8. Correct installation of the work table:
With a fixed height, the best height is 72 cm;
The necessary room for hands in height, width and depth must be provided;
There should be no drawers in the seat area.
Table 9.5. Height of a single table for training with VT
Note: the width and depth of the legroom are determined by the design of the table.
9. Correct installation of the working chair:
Height must be adjustable;
The structure must be rotating;
Correct seat height: The seat area is 3 cm lower than the popliteal cavity.
10. The design of the monitor should ensure the possibility of frontal observation of the screen by rotating the case in the horizontal plane around the vertical axis within 30 and in the vertical plane around the horizontal axis within 30 with fixation in a given position.
11. Monitors should be designed to be painted in soothing soft colors with diffuse light scattering.
12. The case of the monitor and PC, the keyboard must have a matte surface of the same color with a reflection coefficient of 0.4 - 0.6 and not have shiny parts that can create glare.
13. The design of the RCCB should provide for the presence of knobs for adjusting the brightness and contrast, providing the ability to adjust the brightness and contrast, providing the ability to adjust these parameters from minimum to maximum values.
14. The design of the keyboard should provide for:
Execution as a separate device with the possibility of free movement;
Supporting device that allows you to change the angle of inclination of the keyboard surface in the range from 5 to 15;
The height of the middle row of keys is no more than 30 mm;
The location of frequently used keys in the center, bottom and right, rarely used - up and left;
Highlighting by color, size, shape and location of functional groups of keys;
The minimum size of the keys is 13 mm, the optimal size is 15 mm;
Keys with a depression in the center and a pitch of 19 1 mm;
The distance between the keys is at least 3 mm;
The same stroke for all keys with a minimum pressure resistance of 0.25 N and a maximum pressure of no more than 1.5 N;
Sound feedback from turning on the keys with adjustable sound level and the ability to turn it off.
The workplace is indivisible in organizational plan in specific conditions element production process... It is served by one or more people, is designed to carry out various operations, is equipped with appropriate devices and equipment, depending on the specifics of the activity. V Russian Federation there are certain regulatory requirements organization of workplaces. Let's consider them in more detail.
Legal aspect
The requirements for the organization of the workplace are established in:
- Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
- Legislative acts of the subjects.
- International and national standards.
- Labor contract.
- Collective agreement.
These acts contain rules, procedures, establish criteria to ensure the preservation of health and life of people in the course of their professional activities. Compliance with the requirements of the organization of workplaces is the responsibility of each employer.
Classification
Workplaces are differentiated depending on the degree of automation. In accordance with this criterion, jobs are allocated:
Organization of the workplace: labor safety requirements
Areas for the implementation of professional activities are located outside the zone of movement of mechanisms, containers, goods, movement of goods. At the same time, convenient monitoring of ongoing processes and management of operations should be provided. The main requirements for the organization of workplaces include the requirement to create free space between the areas where employees perform activities. It is necessary for the free movement of people during the operation of the equipment. Labor protection requirements for the organization of workplaces include the obligation to place them along the way technological process... At the same time, counter flows should be excluded when moving containers, products, waste. The path of movement of products should be as short as possible, and the transition of employees is minimized. General requirements to the organization of the workplace of the locksmith and other specialists employed at the machine, thus, they provide for the establishment of such a state of the sites, as well as the distance between them, so that the free movement of people and transport is ensured, normal Maintenance, equipment repair and cleaning.
Position of employees in the course of operations
The requirements for the organization of the workplace provide for the need to provide sufficient space for the rational placement of additional inventory, containers, equipment. The area for carrying out professional activities should be convenient for a person. We are also talking about the employee's poses in which operations are performed. They should not create difficulties for a person. The requirements for the organization of the workplace include a provision on the possibility of performing operations in a seated position or when alternating between standing and sitting positions. This is provided if the activity does not require constant movement. When performing operations in a seated position, people should be provided with comfortable chairs.
The requirements for the organization of the workplace, where the employee carries out activities while standing, include certain parameters of the site. In particular, the width must be at least 600 mm and the length 1600 mm. The foot space has the following parameters: 530 mm in width, 150 mm in height and depth. The table installed in the workplace should be 955 mm above the floor. Required tools, inventory, dishes are placed in drawers, wall cabinets, shelves within reach. The key requirement for the safety of the organization of workplaces is to avoid blocking up the aisles and areas of the direct execution of production operations with containers and products. Their mutual location and layout should provide free access and quick evacuation in case of an emergency. 
Sellers activities
The following requirements are provided for the organization of the workplace of an employee of a trade enterprise:
- The placement of inventory and merchandise should provide ease of action. It is necessary to exclude unnecessary transitions, movements of the trunk and arms. Inventory and products must be in permanent, assigned places.
- On the implementation site trading activities comfortable chairs or folding seats are installed for rest during the absence of buyers. It is not allowed to use boxes and other items for this purpose. There should be a wooden deck between the wall equipment and the counter. This is necessary to prevent hypothermia of the legs.
For sites for the implementation of trading activities established sanitary requirements... When selling food products there must be containers with special markings (tanks with lids, buckets, etc.). As they fill up, but not more than 2/3, it must be cleaned. Upon completion of work, all tanks and buckets, regardless of their fullness, should be washed with a 1-2% soda solution or other detergents.
Packing, packaging, stacking of products
At workplaces, special chests and tables should be used. Equipment dimensions should take into account anthropometric parameters. The working surface is located at the height established in GOST 12.2.032 and 12.2.033. Premises where flour and flour products are packaged are equipped with a local hood. Packing of products with a large weight is made on tables of increased strength. On these surfaces, containers for materials should be provided: paper, boxes, bags, and so on. The following positions are recommended for stacker-packers performing various operations:
Workplaces for employees who perform operations primarily in a seated position with limited mobility should be equipped with leg rests and comfortable seats that are adjustable in angle, height, distance from the table.
Space for the controller-cashier
A chair with a lift-and-turn mechanism is installed at the employee's workplace. The surface of the seat should be slightly bent and adjustable in height within the range of 0.4-0.45 m, have a width of 0.42 m and a depth of 0.41 m. In this case, the coverings are made of a material that provides low thermal conductivity and the ability to carry out wet cleaning. For convenience when working in a sitting position, the seat is equipped with a footrest. It must have an adjusting mechanism for the angle of inclination and height of the support platform. One of the main requirements for ensuring optimal working conditions for cashiers is a high level of illumination. At the same time, sources of direct and reflected glitter are excluded from the field of vision of workers. Lamps are located directly above the employee's place of work.
Protection of controllers-cashiers from criminal encroachments
It is provided by equipping the room with emergency lighting and installing an "panic button". In the process of transferring funds to a banking organization or during their transportation from it, the employer is obliged to provide the employee with security, and, if necessary, a car. The cashier and persons accompanying him, as well as the driver of the transport are prohibited from:
- Disclose the route of movement and the amount of transported funds.
- Allow unauthorized persons to enter the vehicle.
- To transport cash by public or passing transport, as well as carry them on foot.
- Perform other errands, distract from the delivery of cash to the destination.
Operations for wet heat treatment of products
Ironers' workstations are located in premises intended for receiving, maintaining and preparing goods for sale. Special surfaces are equipped with a curly removable wooden board. It is covered with cloth on both sides. On the right, at a slight slope to the surface, a metal stand for the iron is installed on the table. On three sides, it should have sides, the height of which is 30-40 mm. They are necessary to prevent the iron from falling. In the right corner, in the upper part of the surface, a post 800 mm high is mounted. It is used to hang the iron cord. The ironing table should also have a device for attaching a fan, a trough to prevent products from hanging to the floor during processing. In addition, a retractable bracket for hanging the iron, a fan with a swivel mount, buttons for its on / off, and a frame for a piece of cloth are installed on the surface, with the help of which the cleanliness of the iron sole is checked. The design of the desktop includes drawers for storing fixtures, tools, a cabinet for storing personal belongings, a shelf for special pads, brushes, etc. There must be a dielectric mat on the floor. The workplace is also equipped with a lift-and-swivel chair, a semi-soft seat for a short rest.
Storage room
The area of the workplace must be at least 6 sq. m. To ensure normal conditions for the implementation of the professional activity of the storekeeper, insulated cabins are installed. The workplace can be fenced with a glazed partition, the height of which is 1.8 m. The storekeeper's room is located closer to the areas where the picking, packaging and dispatch of products to the expedition is carried out. The workplace is equipped with a table and a lift-and-swivel chair. The storekeeper must have at his disposal the tools necessary for opening the container (pliers, scissors, pliers, knives, etc.). Above the employee's desk, where he carries out the paperwork, and also next to the file cabinets, lamps are installed. 
Picker space
The workplace is equipped with appropriate inventory, mechanisms and materials, depending on the categories of goods. When completing large-sized items (refrigerators, furniture, etc.), the workplace takes up the entire warehouse area. In this case, operations are carried out using autocars or freight carts equipped with lifting devices. The picking activity associated with weighing is carried out using scales with a carrying capacity of 5-2000 kg. A studio must be installed at the workplace. The height of its seat is 400-450 mm, the depth is 410-500 mm. In addition, the workplace is equipped with local lighting.
Premises for an employee serving a freight elevator
The workplace is located on the site on the main loading floor. If the duties of the elevator operator include escorting the cargo, then the area of his activity also extends to the cabin where the objects are transported. At the workplace, a bedside table is installed for storing documents and a first-aid kit, a telephone or other means of communication, a stool, an internal or external push-button system to control sound and light alarms. The engine room of the elevator must have a dielectric mat and gloves, as well as a safety helmet. The key to this room is handed over to the elevator operator.
Cleaner area
The workplace of this employee is located directly next to the area that he serves. When planning the premises, it is necessary to provide passages for cleaning machines and passages for employees. The workplace is equipped with a cabinet with compartments that accommodate detergents, overalls, inventory. 
Equipment of spaces for VDT and PC users
For employees whose work is related to the use of personal electronic computers and video display terminals, work tables are equipped, the height of which is adjustable within 680-800 mm. If no mechanism is available, the surface is positioned 725 mm from the floor. The height of the legroom is at least 600 mm, the width is at least 500, and the depth at the knee level is 450 mm and the outstretched legs is 650 mm. This is where the stand should be installed. Its width is not less than 300, and its depth is 400 mm. The stand should be adjustable in tilt angle up to 20 degrees. and height - up to 150 mm. Along the front edge, a side is provided, the height of which is 10 mm. The stand must have a grooved surface. In the work cross (chair) of the user of the PC and VDT, a lifting and turning mechanism is provided, the backrest and seat are adjustable in tilt angle and height. Changing parameters should be easy. All mechanisms are carried out independently and reliably fix the selected position of the elements. The surface of the back, seat and other parts with which the employee is in direct contact should have a semi-soft, non-electrifying, non-slip, breathable coating that allows easy cleaning of dirt. The monitor should be located at a distance of 600-700 mm from the eyes of the employee, taking into account the size of the alphanumeric characters and signs.
Additionally
To prevent drafts in rooms near doors, technological openings, gates, screens or partitions are installed. Preparation of the workplace is carried out at the end of the shift. The employee carries out cleaning of mechanisms, tools, auxiliary inventory, equipment. If necessary, wet cleaning is performed.
Conclusion
Until 2013, in accordance with the requirements of the legislation, regular certification of workplaces was carried out. It included an assessment, verification of the fulfillment of instructions, the quality of equipping areas for the implementation of professional activities of employees. Particular attention was paid to enterprises engaged in the catering and food trade. Special commissions were created, which first of all checked whether the sanitary requirements for the premises were met. A new procedure has now been introduced. Certification of workplaces has been replaced by an assessment of the conditions for the implementation of professional activities by employees. This procedure has been introduced since 2014. Corresponding amendments were made to the TC.
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TRAINING PROCESS IN THE COMPUTER CLASS.
Hygiene requirements to the organization of the educational process in computer classes of educational institutions are regulated by SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization", approved by the decree of the chief state sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation.
The main requirements aimed at ensuring the prevention of adverse effects on the health of children and adolescents of harmful factors of the "intraschool" environment when organizing the educational process in computer classes of educational institutions include:
Requirements for PC.
For the lessons of children, it is permissible to use only such PCs that have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion about their safety for the health of children. A sanitary-epidemiological conclusion should have not only newly acquired PCs, but also those that are in operation.
Requirements for premises for work with a PC.
The room where computers are used must have artificial and natural lighting, protective grounding (grounding). To place computer classes, you should choose such rooms that are oriented to the north and northeast and are equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains, external canopies, etc. It is unacceptable to place computer classes in basements and basements.
For interior decoration of rooms with computers, it is recommended to use polymer materials, for which there are hygienic conclusions confirming their safety for the health of children.
The area for one workplace with a PC based on a cathode-ray tube must be at least 6 sq. m., on the basis of flat discrete screens (liquid crystal, plasma) of at least 4.5 sq. m.
Requirements for lighting, microclimate, levels of electromagnetic fields, visual parameters at workplaces equipped with personal computers.
It is very important to hygienically correctly place workplaces in the computer class. It is better to position the computer so that the light falls on the screen from the left. Although the screen is lit, classes should not be held in a dark, but in a well-lit room.
Each workplace in the computer class creates a kind of electromagnetic field with a radius of 1.5 m or more. Moreover, the radiation comes not only from the screen, but also from the back and side walls of the monitor. The optimal location of the equipment should exclude the influence of radiation from the computer on students working at other computers. To do this, the arrangement of the desktops must provide a distance between the side surfaces of the monitor at least 1.2 m, between desktops with video monitors (towards the rear of the surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) - not less than 2.0 m.
Illumination of the surface of the table or keyboard should be 300-500 lux, and the screen should be no more than 300 lux. As light sources in artificial lighting, predominantly fluorescent lamps of the forehead type and compact fluorescent lamps (CL) should be used. It is allowed to use incandescent lamps, including halogen lamps, in local lighting fixtures. Luminaires in computer rooms should be equipped with diffusers and shielding grilles; they should be positioned in the form of solid or intermittent lines located on the side of workstations, parallel to the user's line of sight when video display terminals are arranged in a row.
To reduce eye strain, it is important to ensure that the image on the computer screen is clear and high-contrast. It is also necessary to exclude the possibility of screen light, as this reduces the contrast and brightness of the image.
When working with text information, preference should be given to positive contrast: dark characters on a light background. The distance from the eyes to the computer screen should be at a distance of 60-70 cm. At the same time, one child should study at the computer, since the conditions for viewing the image on the screen sharply deteriorate for a person sitting on the side. The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the display classrooms are as follows: temperature -19-21 °, relative humidity - 55-62%.
Before and after each academic hour of training sessions, computer rooms should be ventilated, which will improve the quality of the air. Wet cleaning in computer rooms should be done daily.
Requirements for the organization and equipment of workstations with a personal computer
When using one computer science room for students of different ages, the problem of choosing furniture in accordance with the growth of students is most difficult to solve. In this case, it is advisable to equip workplaces with footrests having a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, which should be adjustable in height within the range of up to 150 mm and in the angle of inclination of the support surface of the support up to 20 mm. The surface of the stand should be grooved and have a 10 mm high rim along the front edge.
The size of the study furniture (table and chair) should be appropriate for the child's height. You can verify this as follows: the legs and back (and even better, the forearms) are supported, and the line of sight falls approximately at the center of the monitor or slightly higher.
You should sit up straight (not stooping) and lean your back against the back of the chair. To bend your back in the lumbar region, you need not back, but, on the contrary, a little in front.
The design of the working chair (armchair) should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture when working with a computer, allow changing the posture in order to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the neck-shoulder region and back to prevent the development of fatigue.
Workstations equipped with a PC are equipped with a single table with 2 separate surfaces (one horizontal for placing a PC with smooth height adjustment within 520 - 760 mm and the second for a keyboard with smooth height and tilt adjustment from 0 to 15 degrees with secure fixation in the optimal working position (12-15 degrees), a working chair (chair), which must be lifting and turning, adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back
Despite the fact that schoolchildren spend relatively little time in the computer class, it is very important to teach them the correct occupational hygiene by a worthy example so that useful skills are entrenched for life. This is not just a hygiene requirement, but a technique requirement.
The monitor should be mounted directly in front of the user and should not require head or body rotation.
The monitor must be installed at such a height so that the center of the screen is 15-20 cm below eye level, the tilt angle is up to 15 0 (i.e., approximately, the top of the screen should be at eye level (when working with glasses with bifocal lenses - below eye level) .The monitor screen should be at an optimal distance of 60-70 cm from the user's eyes, but not closer than 50 cm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols. Look at the monitor screen from top to bottom, and not vice versa.
Avoid placing shiny or reflective objects (such as paper, glossy posters, picture frames) near the monitor.
Introducing children to a computer should begin with teaching the rules of safe use, which must be observed not only at school, but also at home.
Place your computer monitor so that its back is not facing people, but toward the wall of the room. In computer labs with several computers, workplaces should be located on the periphery of the room, leaving the center free. In this case, it is additionally necessary to check each of the workplaces for the absence of direct reflection of external light sources.
