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Topic 1. Verbal means of communication Take away from me everything that I have. But leave me my speech. And soon I will have everything I had. Daniel Webster
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Outline Speech is the primary means of verbal communication. Language functions Types of reception and transmission of information. Human speech as a source of information. Styles of speech. Speech means of communication. The essence of positive communication
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Functions of the language Communicative. Language acts as the main means of communication Cognitive. Language as an expression of the activity of consciousness. Rechargeable. Language as a means of accumulating and storing knowledge Constructive. Language as a means of forming thoughts. Emotional. Language as one of the means of expressing feelings and emotions Contact-establishing. Language as a means of establishing contact between people. Ethnic. Language as a means of uniting people.
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Methods of transmitting and receiving information. Natural language. Imaginative thinking - the perception of the world in the form of a picture. An artistic canvas or sculpture is also a text (albeit of a special quality) that carries a considerable informational load. Thinking with visual images is familiar to every person, for example, when he recalls an episode from his life, not dismembered verbally, but recorded by his consciousness in the form of a photograph. Sensory - a bioenergetic method of information exchange is understood, in which a person does not say anything and does not demonstrate anything (he, in general, can be unobservable), but at the same time transmits information, and it is perceived by communicants.
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What to consider when communicating Each person by nature has all three types of thinking. Have different people in relation to each other, these types are distributed unevenly in percentage terms. A significant priority of one thinking type in a person leads to a reduction in the other two.
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All types of thinking are developed, their innate distribution is not constant throughout life, a tendency towards displacement is possible. It is not excluded that the ratio of the three types of thinking is to a certain extent related to racial characteristics, not civilizational, but racial.
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There are several types of speech activity: speaking - using language to communicate something; listening - the perception of the content of sounding speech; writing - fixing the content of speech on paper; reading - the perception of information recorded on paper. From the point of view of the form of existence of the language, communication is divided into oral and written, and from the point of view of the number of participants - into interpersonal and mass.
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Modern Russian literary language is a system of styles: Scientific Official-business Publicistic Conversational speech
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Positive, confident communication means that you express your thoughts and feelings clearly and consciously, in the most direct, honest and spontaneous way. your language matches the one spoken by your interlocutor. you avoid technical terms, abbreviations, allegories or jargon that are unfamiliar to the interlocutor. you have taken into account aspects such as education, social status and the official status of the interlocutor, use a language that is understandable to another person, and not one that will show how smart you are and how "superior" the listener.
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Principles of Direct Positive Communication Speak directly. Say exactly what you think or feel, don't rely on your storytelling skills. Fight the problem, not the person. There is a serious difference between the phrases "why can't you clean up after yourself?" and "please clean up your desk." Be specific, don't generalize. Compare the phrases "you are always late" and "why are you late again in the morning?"
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Don't overdo it with an apology! How often do we say, “Sorry, but I can't work late tonight,” when we don't have to apologize at all. Don't go into lengthy explanations. Don't be afraid to use the pronoun "I". Instead of saying, "Don't you think it would be nice to keep researching?" - take responsibility for the authorship of the idea: "I think research should be continued." Honesty. I mean honesty as a willingness to be honest with yourself and as a positive, confident expression of your feelings.
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Modify the following statements to include the word "I". "You annoy me terribly when you don't listen to me." "Everyone agrees that voluntary layoffs are the solution." "This house does not smoke at dinner." "I get angry when you leave without hearing me out." “I believe that voluntary layoffs can be the solution to the problem.” "I ask you not to smoke at the table during lunch."
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The presentation on "Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Economics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 15 slide (s).
Presentation slides
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Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, consisting in the exchange of information, as well as in the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living creature, but only at the human level does the communication process become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. A person who transmits information is called a communicator, who receives it - a recipient.
Communication is the process of establishing and developing between people.
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To be understood, it is not enough to have good diction. You must be clear about what you are going to say. In addition, you must choose such words so that your idea is correctly understood. If a person is to speak in front of a large audience, he formulates theses for himself or otherwise prepares for the report. But in everyday life, oral communication requires spontaneity, and this can cause anxiety, uncertainty and even fear in a person. You can start working on speaking by expanding your vocabulary.
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People use written communication less often than oral communication. But with the arrival Email the importance of written communication has grown dramatically. Any written message has one undoubted advantage over oral. While composing it, you have the opportunity to think, put your thoughts in order and, if necessary, even rewrite them completely. However, the disadvantages of written communication should also be noted. A written message cannot convey your voice intonation and body language.
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Verbal communication is the most researched form of human communication. In addition, it is the most versatile way of transmitting thoughts. A message created using any other sign system can be ‘translated’ into verbal human language. For example, a red light signal translates as ‘passage closed’, ‘stop’; a finger raised up, covered with the palm of the other hand, like ‘ask for an extra minute’ in sports, etc.
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Non-verbal communication
Non-verbal communication, better known as the language of posture and sign language, includes all forms of human expression that do not rely on words. Psychologists believe that reading non-verbal cues is essential for effective communication. Why are non-verbal cues so important in communication? a person perceives about 70% of information through the visual (visual) channel; non-verbal cues allow you to understand the true feelings and thoughts of the interlocutor.
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The great importance of non-verbal signals in business communication confirmed by experimental studies, which say that words (to which we attach such great importance) reveal only 7% of the meaning, sounds, 38% of the meaning are sounds and intonations, and 55% - postures and gestures. Non-verbal communication includes five subsystems: 1. Spatial subsystem (interpersonal space). 2. Glance. 3. Optical-kinetic subsystem which includes: - appearance interlocutor, - facial expressions (facial expression), - pantomime (postures and gestures). 4. Paralinguistic or verbal subsystem, including: - vocal qualities of a voice, - its range, - tonality, - timbre. 5. Extra-linguistic or non-speech subsystem, which includes: - speech rate, - pauses, - laughter, etc.
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Facial Expression Facial expression is the most important source of information about a person, especially about their feelings. The most visible expression of facial expressions is a smile, which, without being overused, is a good positive stimulus. “Smiling usually expresses friendliness, but excessive smiling often reflects the need for approval ... A forced smile in an unpleasant situation betrays feelings of apology and anxiety ... A smile accompanied by raised eyebrows expresses a willingness to obey, and a smile with drooping eyebrows expresses superiority Visual contact The eyes are known to be the mirror of the soul, therefore, visual contact. It can be distinguished as a separate specific skill. Direct eye contact is another way of saying, “I'm with you, I want to hear what you have to say.
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Head nods Head nods are very good way show the client that you are listening to him. Watching the professionals work, you can see how therapeutic a simple head nod is, combined with good eye contact and “Uh-huh” and “I understand” responses.
Voice tone, tempo and volume Voice is an important medium for expressing a range of subjective feelings and meanings. The tone and pace of speech can tell a lot about a person's emotional state. Typically, speech speed increases when the speaker is agitated, agitated, or anxious. The one who is trying to convince his interlocutor also speaks quickly. Slow speech often indicates depression, arrogance, or fatigue.
Tips on How to Make a Good Presentation or Project Presentation
- Try to involve the audience in the story, set up interaction with the audience using leading questions, a game part, do not be afraid to joke and sincerely smile (where appropriate).
- Try to explain the slide in your own words, add additional Interesting Facts, you don't just need to read the information from the slides, the audience can read it themselves.
- There is no need to overload the slides of your project with text blocks, more illustrations and a minimum of text will allow you to better convey information and attract attention. The slide should only contain Key information, the rest is better to tell the audience orally.
- The text should be well readable, otherwise the audience will not be able to see the information being presented, will be greatly distracted from the story, trying to make out at least something, or will completely lose all interest. To do this, you need to choose the right font, taking into account where and how the presentation will be broadcast, as well as choose the right combination of background and text.
- It is important to rehearse your presentation, think about how you greet the audience, what you say first, how you end the presentation. All comes with experience.
- Choose the right outfit, because The speaker's clothing also plays a big role in the perception of his speech.
- Try to speak confidently, fluently, and coherently.
- Try to enjoy the performance so you can be more relaxed and less anxious.
Communication is considered one of the main forms of social
human activity. In the process of communication, what used to be
knew and was able to one person, becomes the property
many people.
interaction of people and exchange of information at the same time
interaction. There are two groups of ways in which it can
interaction between people:
verbal and non-verbal means of communication.
Verbal communication.
Verbal communication is carried out using words.The verbal means of communication is speech. Communicate we
we can use
written
or speaking. Speech activity is divided into
several types:
speaking - listening Both written and oral speech are expressed through
language - a special system of signs.
Verbal communication tools
improve your speechknow the rules of the Russian language
study foreign languages, the ability to speak (in a psychological sense)
, lack of psychological barriers
Lack of fear of making contact with other people.
Language and its functions.
Language acts as a tool of expressionthoughts and feelings of people.
Rechargeable.
With the help of language, we can store and accumulateknowledge.
Communicative
(interaction between people).Language is the main form of full-fledged communication of a person with his own kind.
Cognitive.
With the help of language, a person can acquire knowledge,contained in books, films or the minds of others.
Constructive.
With the help of language, it is easy to form thoughts, clothethem into a tangible, clear and concrete form
Ethnic.
Language allows you to unite peoples, communities and othersgroups of people.
Emotional.
With the help of language, you can express emotions and feelings,and here it is their direct expression that is considered
with words. But basically this function is of course
performed by non-verbal means
Non-verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication is essentialpeople for clarity in understanding each other.
Oral communication
"Language of the body"
Body language and its functions.
Completion of the spoken message.Repetition of what was said.
Expression of contradiction between word and deed.
Emphasis on something.
Replacing words with gestures.
Variety of non-verbal communication tools.
Gestures and posture.Facial expressions, eyes and facial expressions.
Distance between interlocutors and touch
Intonation and voice characteristics. It is important to balance verbal and
non-verbal forms of communication. This will allow
convey your information as fully as possible to
the interlocutor and understand his messages
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Slide captions:
Verbal communication. The presentation was prepared by the educator 2 young. group No. 1 MDOU comb. type d / s No. 12 "Pearl" Alieva E.N
Communication means are divided into verbal and non-verbal.
Verbal communication is speech. With its help, a person can express their thoughts, it is the most common way of communication. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of oral speech: information is not only transmitted, but also specified, stimulates a person to develop. As you know, in a dispute, truth is born - this is one of the tasks that verbal communication solves.
This type of communication can carry the function of a message or motivation. If a person points to an object, then this is an indicative (indicative) function.
Expressing his thoughts, a person uses the function of the statement (predicative). Another important task performed by verbal communication is to stimulate a person to action, decision, desire. This function is called the inducement function.
The peculiarity is that the emotional coloring of speech is of great importance. The same words, pronounced with different intonations, can cause different reactions in the interlocutor: agreement or aggression, a desire to think. In the same way, the same idea can be conveyed using different words, thereby having a different effect on the opponent.
Verbal communication Oral speech Written speech
Speak kindly. Speak good things to your interlocutor. Observe speech etiquette, courtesy rules. Don't interrupt. Follow the rules of your communication role. Rules of verbal behavior in dialogue:
Non-verbal communication is body language. And often it gives more truthful information about the feelings of the person who is talking to you. This type of communication can be expressed in several forms. Non-verbal means of communication are needed in order to regulate the communication process, to create psychological contact between partners; enrich the values conveyed by words; help the interpretation of the verbal text; express emotions.
Nowadays, the language of facial expressions and gestures is becoming more and more important. This way of conveying information is natural. We often do not pay attention to our body movements, meanwhile they not only carry information that our mind perceives, but are also able to influence another person. Conclusion
Non-verbal communication significantly enriches our speech, makes it brighter and more emotional. 60 to 95% of information is transmitted using non-verbal communication... Non-verbal means of communication are used in fiction (especially in dramatic works), in criminology.
Sukhomlinsky "Words can kill - revive, hurt - heal, sow confusion and hopelessness - and spiritualize"
Thank you for your attention!
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
didactic games for the development of non-verbal communication
Conducting didactic games for the development of non-verbal communication: Purpose: relaxedness, development of a sense of humor, work with facial expressions. Game "Funny monkeys" Sleeping kitten (for children 3 - 4 years old) ...
Non-verbal communication in the pedagogical process
Completed by: Boldyreva N.I.
Non-verbal communication is “sign language,” forms of self-expression that do not rely on words or other speech symbols. In non-verbal communication, the means of transmitting information are non-verbal signs (postures, gestures, facial expressions, intonation, views, spatial arrangement, etc.). Non-verbal communication is especially valuable because it is spontaneous and manifests itself unconsciously. Therefore, despite the fact that people weigh their words and control their facial expressions, it is often possible for hidden feelings to leak through gestures, intonation and color of the voice. That is, non-verbal communication channels rarely deliver false information, since they are less controllable than verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication is carried out in the process of verbal communication in parallel with verbal and is the most important means of communication and mutual understanding of people (I.N. Gorelov, G.V. Kolshansky, V.P. Morozov, K.F. . Sedov, V.A. Labunskaya and others). Man speaks with his whole being. Psychologists have found that in the process of communication with the help of verbal means, only 20-40% of information is transmitted and received. The rest of the communication is carried out through non-verbal means.
Non-verbal means of communication facilitate mutual adaptation to each other and create an opportunity to coordinate joint actions. The ability to non-verbal means of expressing one's intentions, feelings and states depends on the culture of the person. N.I. Shevandrin identifies the following types of non-verbal means of communication:
1. Visual: a) kinesics: movements of the arms, head, legs, trunk, gait; expression of the face, eyes; posture, posture, head position; direction of gaze, visual contacts; skin reactions (redness, paleness, sweating, etc.); b) proxemics (spatial and temporal organization of communication): distance to the interlocutor, angle of turn to him, space of communication; c) auxiliary means of communication: emphasizing or hiding the characteristics of the body of addition (signs of gender, age, race); d) means of transforming the natural physique: clothes, hairstyles, cosmetics, glasses, jewelry, mustache, beard, small objects in hands.
2. Acoustic: a) paralinguistic (voice quality, range, tone): loudness, timbre, rhythm, pitch; b) extralinguistic: speech pauses, laughter, crying, hi hee, clapping.
3 ... Tactile (takeshika): touch, hug, kiss.
4 ... Olfactory: pleasant and unpleasant odors environment; natural and artificial human odors.
The main tasks of non-verbal communication are as follows: creation and support of psychological contact, regulation of the communication process; giving new semantic shades to the verbal text, correct interpretation of words; expression of emotions, assessments, roles, meaning of the situation .
Non-verbal movements, as noted by V.A. Labunskaya, in different ways correlate with speech: 1) express the same as speech; 2) anticipate the values transmitted by speech; 3) express meanings that contradict the content of speech; 4) can fill in or explain periods of silence, indicating the speaker's intention to continue his reply, to find a suitable word; 5) can change individual words or phrases; 6) can regulate the flow of speech, accentuate one or another part of verbal communication
Gestures are reproducible significant movements of the hands and head, postures calculated for the perception of recipients, designed to transmit emotional and intellectual information, having a socially fixed form. In the "language" of gestures used in everyday communication of people, two types of sign systems can be distinguished. The first system is formed by sign gestures, i.e. intentionally reproducible movements or postures of the hands and head, designed for someone's perception and intended to convey information. The second system includes gestures-signals, which are involuntary, unconscious and not reckoned on someone's perception (although they are important for an experienced observer). The choice of a gesture is determined by personal characteristics, relationships between communication partners, and the communication situation.
Pantomime - aggregate expressive body movements accompanying speech and emotions (posture and posture, body movements, which play an important role in a person's appearance). People with poor pantomime are not able to clearly express their emotional state, to perceive the non-verbal information of the interlocutor, which complicates the process of communication.
The norms of the spatial and temporal organization of communication are dealt with by the science of the subject, which its author E. Hall called "spatial psychology." E. Hall proposed 4 categories of spatial communication, four distinct spatial zones that surround each other as concentric circles on the water. 1. Intimate area (from 15 to 45 cm). Of all the zones, this is the most important, since it is the person who guards it as if it were his property. Only those persons who are in close emotional contact with him are allowed to enter this zone. These are children, parents, spouses, lovers, close friends and relatives.
2 ... Personal area (from 45 to 120 cm). This distance used in everyday communication with familiar people. This distance usually separates us when we are at receptions, formal evenings and friendly parties.
3 ... Social area (from 120 to 400 cm). At such a distance, we communicate during official meetings with strangers, that is, such a distance is accepted when communicating with people whom we do not know very well.
4. Public, or public, area (more than 4 m). When communicating with large groups of people, it will be more convenient for both the lecturer and the audience to transmit and perceive information at such a distance from each other.
In progress pedagogical communication dominates the role of language as a poly functional sign system in comparison with non-verbal systems. The semantics of the word, the meaning of the grammatical categories of the language are outside personal, but in speech the same linguistic units can be perceived by the listener in different ways - depending on the speaker's intonation, on the good (or mocking) smile, from an unexpected gesture. This is due to the fact that the perception of a word-sign (unit of language) is enunciated by the simultaneous complex perception of signs of another system - non-verbal. The ability to “decode” non-verbal information is an important condition for effective communication and a special skill that is professionally necessary for a teacher.
