All about bidding and tenders. Participation in tenders

Participation in a tender seems to the average citizen to be something overly complicated and incomprehensible.
As the practice of the last decade shows, an increasing number of manufacturers of goods and services prefer to participate in the auction.

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What is a tender (tendering)?

A competitive bidding organized by a customer to find a profitable, effective and high-quality proposal is called a tender. The customer is the state purchasing products for state, municipal needs or private companies. Products, works or services become the object of bargaining.

It is carried out according to specific rules, the violation of which entails problems with the law. The winner is the company with the best offer. It includes high quality, low price, the minimum execution time. To win a government order or a commercial tender, you need to develop a high-quality application, taking into account all the wishes of the customer.

Definition of concepts and types

Tender is a word of English origin, means bargaining, competition. According to the current legislation, the word competition is used, although in the business world they use the terms: "tender application", "tender commission", "tender documentation".

State auctions are carried out in accordance with the provisions regulatory document 94-Ф3. They take place according to three procurement schemes for budget funds: requests for quotations, tenders and auctions. In commercial, the rules for holding auctions are established, conditions are set and implemented using their own or borrowed funds.

Tender classification:

• Open. Any company can take part in it, it is distinguished by healthy competition, which promotes transparency in the conduct. Information about the upcoming tender is published by the customer in specific media sources and the Internet. Companies submit an application for participation to the commission. It is carried out to supply institutions with large, long-term supplies of products or production construction works at a state facility;
• Closed. According to the rules, it limits the number of participants who deliver specific goods or provide special services. For example, it is used in government procurement for defense needs. Sometimes this status arises when the customer wants to work with companies that have a certain status, license.
• Two-stage. It is used in the purchase of complex products, in the performance of research, development and technological work, it is used in construction production... The method helps to evaluate the existing methods and technologies, means and conditions of the supplier and to formulate their wishes.

At the first stage, the customer accepts offers without specifying a price. He studies proposals, makes amendments and additions to documents. At the second stage, participants submit revised documents. They take into account the amendments and indicate the prices of products or services, works.

• Price quotation requests. They are used for small volumes of purchases up to 250 thousand rubles. Procurement is carried out without intermediaries, the number of suppliers must be at least three;
• Purchase from a single source. Performed when only one supplier is able to fulfill the order, for example, a work of art or copyright.

Any legal entity can protect its own copyright. In this case, the procedure will be called

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Participants

Any natural or legal person who is an authorized representative of the company or just a legal entity can participate in the tender. They must confirm their willingness to participate in the tender and submit an application to the tender commission. The application is drawn up in accordance with the terms of the tender documentation.

Executors of orders in rare cases shy away from participating in tenders, since almost all types of products on the market and services are bought on its basis.

Rules of the game

Free orientation on the market in its segment allows companies to fill out the correct application, but each customer has their own rules of the game, so the question of how to participate in tenders for the successful promotion of offers depends on them.

When participating in the auction, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Careful study of tender documents, the content of which indicates the level of bargaining. If they have a number of shortcomings, technical errors, then the customer does not have special training. In addition to the prices of the customer, the terms of delivery and payment are of interest, warranty obligations... Consequently, when considering proposals by the customer, the emphasis is on an interesting proposal for the terms of delivery.
2. The price of the product should include the costs of preparation, costs of outsourced companies, support, qualified specialists, paperwork. detailed information about the price is a guarantor providing a decent payment, indicating to the customer about the features of the proposal under consideration.
3. Study of tender documents will reveal shortcomings and inaccuracies, missing information in the preparation of proposals. Therefore, the supplier company should clarify in advance how to develop them correctly.
4. Compliance with the order, the norms indicated by the customer, is one of the successful steps taken by the supplier company. In no case should the deadline for submitting the application be disrupted. The customer's instructions on the order of filing applications must absolutely be followed, and the documents are drawn up strictly according to the submitted forms without clarification.
5. The customer makes a mark when accepting the application from the company, entering the data about the company into the register. In the absence of a register, confirmation is drawn up by an act of acceptance and transfer.
6. The supplier asks the customer about the terms of consideration of the application, the procedure for making adjustments, the timing and procedure for announcing the results of the tender. In the absence of information, filing an application may be difficult or impossible to complete.
7. It is worth periodically asking about the results. If the customer makes a request for Additional information then send it to expand and supplement the information.

Compliance with the above rules increases the chance of winning.

Tender for beginners

The newly adopted Law No. 44-FZ allows start-up companies to win the tender, as the procedure for holding becomes more transparent. The customer forms a procurement commission before the day of the official publication of information in the media and the Internet, which determines the supplier and the contractor. The commission consists of specialists who have received professional retraining and possessing information about the subject of the procurement.

The commission team is formed separately for each type of bargaining.

Despite the law, many companies are puzzled by the question: how to start preparing for the tender? In this situation, measures must be taken to:

• development of demanded industries with social significance products;
• studying the laws on tenders;
• improving technical training to get started on electronic trading and auctions;
• financial solvency to participate in public procurement;
• correct preparation of the package of tender documents.

In addition, the company must have all other documentation in order, and tax payments must be made on time.

The firm must know about the activities of competitors, their strengths and weaknesses. She must be prepared for the most powerful pressure that will be exerted by bureaucrats. Be firm, confident, calculate the possible development of the situation, ready for anything.

Go all the way to an individual difficult, but quite possible, because the main thing in the tender is profit, which just does not come.

Preparation of documents

The customer prepares a package of tender documents, approves and submits to the bidders to prepare tender proposals for the procurement object or a separate part of it.

The package of documents for participation in the tender is filled in according to the established forms and consists of:

1. applications;
2. questionnaires containing information about the company;
3. commercial proposal;
4. justification of the proposal by calculations, items of costs and expenditures of resources on the dividing sheet. The absence of an explanatory note may result in refusal to consider proposals;
5. a list of involved subcontractors with attached information about subcontractors;
6. additional documents provided by the customer.

Mandatory conditions

The tender commission determines the basic conditions, procedure, terms and place of the tender. In the media and on the Internet, the procedure for processing documents by tender participants is published in a month.

Issuance of tender documents is completed 5 days before the implementation of the tender.

Applications are registered in a special journal, numbered and laced by the commission, which it accepts. The tender participant pays for the services for the production of a package of documents at the actual cost. Acceptance of bids ends the day before the implementation of the tender.

The Commission, after considering the applications, notifies the company in writing of the results that it makes on this application. Tender proposals are drawn up in triplicate and sealed in an envelope. The commission opens the envelope, announces the proposals in the presence of the companies that participate in the auction. The results are published in print.

The difference in the procedure for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities

There is no fundamental value for an individual entrepreneur and a legal entity to take part in the tender. The form of ownership does not affect the results of the tender, the difference is the form of taxation.

When submitting documents, a legal entity submits an application, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, certified by a notary, and the individual entrepreneur submits a notarized extract from the USRIP, a passport.

Watch a video on the benefits of bidding for small businesses

Successful trading can be learned

Bidding requires knowledge to be successful. Announcements on the organization of courses and seminars teaching the basics of participation in tenders are found on the Internet and in the media. The courses are taught according to a program that explains the provisions of the current legislation on the territory of Russia, the technique of working on electronic trading platforms is covered.

What is needed for this?

The knowledge gained is not always a guarantee that ensures successful competition in the market.

To make bidding effective, you need to:

• study the monitoring of tenders for products or services that exist in the company;
• find and establish auctions of interest to the company;
• be able to recognize the signs of contractual trades, master the procedure for submitting applications; learn to competently, draw up a package of tender documents;
• appoint a person in charge of participating in tenders, train staff on courses, conduct seminars.

Selecting a venue and theme

According to a special system of interaction, the customer and the supplier carry out electronic trading using global network Internet. The Government of the Russian Federation has determined electronic trading platforms on the Internet, where wide functionalities with placed orders are exhibited, allowing an effective selection of performers.

The applicant participating in the auction is obliged to choose one of the five presented trading platforms:

1. JSC "United Electronic Trading Platform";
2. Sberbank-AST CJSC;
3. RTS OJSC;
4. CJSC Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange;
5. State Unitary Enterprise "Agency for the State Order of the Republic of Tatarstan".

Anyone electronic document assigned legal status which is based on electronic digital signature within the selected site. EDS is issued within five working days by a certification center, the list of which can be found on the site's website. Any company has the right to register as a customer or contractor.

Software

The electronic trading platform allows you to make purchases much faster, saving time without spending money on advertising.

To carry out an operation on a website online, a standard software, capable of securing digital certificates, EDS private keys, ciphers. Software users, using Russian identifiers, protect the database from unauthorized use of information.

Greetings, dear colleague! In this short article I will tell you about. Since this question is asked exclusively by beginners and people far from the "topic", I will try to answer it in the most simple and understandable language, without going into details.

And so, let's first figure it out with you, what is government procurement?

Government procurement (government procurement)- a competitive form of placing orders for the supply of goods, the performance of work, the provision of services for state or municipal needs according to the conditions previously specified in the documentation, within the agreed time frame on the principles of competition, fairness and efficiency.

A state or municipal contract is concluded with the winner - the procurement participant (supplier), who submitted a proposal that meets the requirements of the documentation, in which the best conditions for the execution of the contract are proposed.

Rules of the game

With the terminology sorted out, now we pass to the second stage - "the rules of the game." What does it mean? As you know, participation in any game, relay race, competition, etc. presupposes the observance of certain rules by which the results of the participants (players) are evaluated and the winner is determined.

Such "rules" in public procurement are the federal law No. 44-FZ dated April 05, 2013 "On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs."

Therefore, if you seriously decide, then you will need to familiarize yourself with these rules in detail. To make the process of studying this law simpler and faster, there is an excellent tool in our arsenal, about which you can in more detail.

And so, you already know that state and municipal customers have needs (needs for goods, works and services), and that they (i.e. customers) satisfy these needs through various trading procedures in order to identify the best conditions among suppliers ...

Where can I find information about the auctions being held?

The main source for posting information about ongoing auctions is the Official website of the Russian Federation on the Internet for posting information on placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, and provision of services - www.zakupki.gov.ru.

However, in addition to the official site, there are many other information resources, both paid and free, to search for information about the auctions being held, but for a start, the official site will be more than enough for you.

Algorithm for participation in public procurement

And so, let me now, in enlarged steps, describe the actions that you need to perform in order to take part in public procurement.

Step 1. Download to your computer Federal Law No. 44-FZ of April 05, 2013 "On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs" and study it.

Step 2. Purchase electronic signature(ES) and be accredited at 5 electronic sites for procurement for state needs... You can learn more about these electronic sites.

Step 3. Go to the official website of the Russian Federation on the Internet to post information on placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services - www.zakupki.gov.ru and find those trading procedures that correspond to the subject of your activity.

Step 4. Download from the website www.zakupki.gov.ru all available documentation on the chosen trading procedure and study it carefully.

Step 5. Decide whether to participate in this trading procedure or not.

Step 6. Enter the application security (if necessary).

Step 7. Prepare and submit your application in accordance with the requirements of 44-FZ and procurement documentation.

Step 8. Track the results of participation on the website www.zakupki.gov.ru.

Step 9. In case of victory, provide the customer with security for the execution of the contract and sign the contract.

Step 10. Comply with the terms of the contract.

Once again, I repeat that this is an enlarged algorithm in which I deliberately did not include small intermediate stages, so as not to overload you with unnecessary information.

This concludes this article. If you still have questions about how, then write them below in the comments to this article.

A tender is the placement of purchase orders or work on a competitive basis. Participation in the tender requires firms-applicants to comply with certain tender rules, ignorance of which inevitably leads to a refusal to conclude a contract. Despite the difficulties associated with the preparation of the application, there is no need to ignore tenders: participation in them is a unique opportunity for a company to receive an order on extremely favorable terms. To win the competition, it is not enough to have an offer that ideally meets the wishes of the customer. You need to understand how to participate in tenders in order to present your proposal to the competition committee in the most favorable light.

Competition procedure

Have the right to take part in tenders legal entities both Russian and foreign. Requirements for applicants and conditions for participation in the competition are established by the customer at his own discretion. The task of the participants is, in accordance with these requirements, to prepare the most advantageous offer and to draw up an order for the execution of the order properly.

1. To submit a proposal, it is necessary to collect a set of documents according to the customer's list and submit it to the tender committee within the time period specified for the acceptance of documents. Until the deadline for submission of applications, the applicant has the right to amend or withdraw the application from the competition. At the end of the deadline, applications are not accepted and are not changed.
2. After all applications have been received, a meeting of the tender commission is scheduled, during which the candidates' proposals are reviewed, documents are checked, and an opinion is prepared on the materials studied.
3. Members of the competition committee discuss the applications of the participants and decide on the winner by voting.

It should be noted that the information contained in the applications is classified and not subject to disclosure.

What you need to know about the rules for participating in tenders

Before "getting involved in a battle", you need to understand for yourself a few important points:

1. By participating in the tender, you agree to abide by the rules of the bidding.
2. By declaring yourself as a participant of the tender, you agree to all the conditions set forth by the ordering party.
3. By submitting an application, you confirm that you have all the possibilities to fulfill the order in case of winning the competition.
4. By composing an application, you accept responsibility for the correctness of its execution: errors in the submitted documents may serve as a basis for rejecting the participant's proposal without consideration on the merits.

All this means that you need to approach the study of the terms of the tender as responsibly as possible, assess your capabilities as objectively as possible and correctly draw up an application.

Thus, the process of preparing a company for participation in a tender includes:

• selection of a suitable competition in accordance with the profile of the company;
• familiarization with the customer's requirements, the terms of the competition;
• assessment of the financial, material and technical capabilities of the company in terms of ensuring the fulfillment of obligations under the contract;
• collection of the necessary documents;
• filing an application;
• securing the application (pledge).

Preparation of a tender

Let's consider in more detail how to participate in tenders and what is needed for this. First of all, what documents are required to submit an application.

The list of documentation is usually determined by the customer, but there is also a basic package of documents that is required for any tenders:

• application certified by the head of the enterprise;
• a statement with a presentation of the organization and experience of contract work;
• list of attached documents;
• copies constituent documents legal entity and charter;
• notarized copies of TIN and certificate of state registration;
• extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities no more than 15 days old;
• a list of persons representing the organization without a power of attorney;
• a copy of the order on assigning the duties of the chief accountant;
• certificate of absence of tax arrears;
• the financial statements of the company for the three previous reporting periods, certified by the tax inspector.

Another important point is securing the application. If such a requirement is made by the customer, the applicant is obliged to ensure that Money in the amount of no more than 5% of the contract amount in confirmation of their intentions. The transfer of the amount is confirmed by a payment order provided along with the rest of the documents. The collateral serves as a kind of collateral, which is withheld if the participant avoided fulfilling the order, being chosen as the winner of the competition. In all other cases, the deposit is returned to applicants at the end of the competition or before its start, if the participant promptly withdrew his application.

As a rule, the cost of competitive lots is quite high, and even 5% of the order amount is a lot of money. If own funds the organization is not enough to finance the application; it can attract a tender loan or a bank guarantee.

Government orders

Tenders for the placement of state orders are special tenders, and they are often associated with the so-called corruption component. Enterprises are afraid to participate in government tenders, as they are confident in advance that they will not be successful. Indeed, it is not uncommon for the principle of competition and equality of participants to be violated, and not the best applicant gets a lucrative contract, but a company close to government agencies. However, the disadvantaged suppliers quite successfully defend their rights in court in case of violation of the rules of the tender.

How to participate in public procurement tenders - the process is almost similar to regular tenders. Except that tenders for orders of technically complex products or work related to the defense industry and the country's security are held exclusively behind closed doors. This means that access to them "from the outside" is virtually impossible. Applicants for closed tenders are invited individually. Any organization can participate in open tenders, information about which is published in the media, without restrictions.

Another feature of public procurement is the frequent two-stage tenders. When the customer cannot formulate specific requirements or requires the development of technologies, research, scientific experiments, he must first assess the capabilities of the applicants, determine the direction, the nuances of the required work, and calculate their cost. Then, at the second stage of the competition, the participants submit applications already in accordance with the conditions indicated by the customer.

Another problematic aspect of government tenders is that most often preference is given to those contractors who offer the lowest price, unfortunately, without taking into account the quality of work. This approach provokes applicants to underestimate the basic cost of work in order to certainly get a government order.

A similar situation occurs in construction industry: since all firms applying for the construction of a real estate object or for holding renovation works, the application is often based on a deliberately incorrect estimate. As a result, the winner of such a tender, who clearly overestimated his strength, does not fit into his own estimate. If the contractor fails to shift the budget increase onto the shoulders of the customer, then his losses are inevitable, up to and including bankruptcy of the organization.

V Lately tenders are gaining more and more popularity. Their directions are different: office renovation, landscaping, acquisition Supplies etc. Tenders for beginners allow you to master the rules of saving and spend money profitably.

The very word "tender" is borrowed from in English and stands for "competition", "bidding". That is, when there is one buyer of a service or product (customer) and several sellers (suppliers).

The tender is announced on specialized Internet resources. This term is not legally fixed, but it is used constantly in business use.

The tender is carried out in three stages:

• preparation;
• contact with partners;
• the final choice.

Training

Contact with partners

There is a multifaceted assessment of the goods. As a result, some companies are eliminated, and several participants are selected for the final stage.

Final choice

At this stage, there is a direct election of the company with which the customer will work.

Types of tenders

All tenders are divided into two types: state and commercial.

State or municipal

The purchase of a product or service is carried out for state needs and for budgetary funds. In this regard, the tender procedure is carried out in strict accordance with Chapter 3.1 of the Federal Law No. 94, which regulates the placement of orders for the supply of goods, the provision of services and the performance of work for municipal and state needs.

Commercial

In this case, the customer independently determines the terms and conditions of the auction. He can use both his own money and borrowed money.

Tender for beginners: step-by-step instructions for preparation

Let's consider in more detail how to participate in the tender for a beginner using the instructions:

1. Study Federal Law No. 94. Pay special attention to the procedure for selecting a supplier. An algorithm is written here that determines the terms and conditions that the customer must comply with.
2. Select an electronic platform. As a rule, the choice is limited to five electronic platforms, which were selected by the Russian government for conducting electronic trading.
3. Receive an EDS, that is, a unique electronic digital signature. It allows you to assign a signed document legal force... You can get an EDS within five working days at a certification center on the selected electronic site.
4. Install the required specialized equipment. You can install it on your own or ask for help from specialists.
5. Pass accreditation on the electronic trading platform (ETP). This procedure will take about five working days, and you can go through it at a certification center.
6. Electronic trading. Their maximum duration is 48 hours. Here you should definitely determine the value to which all bidders are ready to bargain.
7. Signing a contract. The winner of the auction is a participant who fully meets all the requirements, and at the same time offers more favorable conditions.

1. Identify the most in-demand and significant products and services.
2. Study the legislation on tendering.
3. Prepare money to participate in government procurement.
4. Carefully study the documents of the customer companies.
5. Draw up documents in accordance with all the established requirements, without neglecting the little things.

Tender support

Tender support is a service aimed at ensuring the process of participation of an enterprise in a tender. the main objective tender support - to create all the conditions (at the legal level) for the client-participant to win the competition.

Tender support is especially important if you:

• do not have much experience or did not take part in state competitions at all;
• do not want to take risks and act at random;
• do not want to misfire in a responsible tender.

Did you know that 90% of tenderers are not allowed to bid due to deficiencies in the documentation or an incorrectly executed application? If you are not a professional, making mistakes in documents is as easy as shelling pears. In this case, only tender support will help.

All about tenders for beginners: Video

It is no secret that participation in electronic auctions, and even more so in public procurement, requires experience and qualifications. Not every company interested in government contracts has a specialist on staff who has the knowledge and skills to work with tenders. But this work includes not only participation in the auction itself, but also obtaining an electronic digital signature, choosing trading platforms, registering for them, ordering a bank guarantee and much more.

Difficult places

The matter is complicated by the fact that electronic trading is rather strictly regulated by the state. Moreover, the legislation in the field of public procurement is relatively crude and is constantly being improved. Therefore, participants in state auctions have to tirelessly follow the news, be aware of all the changes. You cannot learn quickly once and then reap the benefits of this training - you need, as they say, "stew" in the juice of the state order, devoting to it a significant part of your working time and effort.

Why you should participate

In fact, there is no need to despair - government orders remain an attractive sales market for Russian business and it hides in itself a huge potential for the development of your company. This is evidenced by bare numbers: according to the Ministry of Economy, 42.8% of trades in 2014 were declared invalid. Most of them did not take place due to the banal absence of participants. Can you imagine the scale of the missed opportunities now?

All you need is to organize the tender work correctly. Having solved this problem, it will be possible to use the resources of the state order for the good own business... However, to do this, you will have to somehow get "other people's brains" - people who are able to participate in procurement, avoid risks and seek the conclusion of contracts.

How to organize tender work

There are at least 5 ways to recruit specialists. Let's take a look and compare the options available to determine the right one for your company.

Hiring a freelancer remotely

The simplest and affordable way- hire a freelancer working remotely. This is mainly done individual entrepreneurs and small organizations with limited budgets. Indeed, a freelancer is the most economical option, but also risky at the same time.

Typically, remote workers work on a piece-rate basis and on a prepaid basis. In order for a specialist to start doing something, he should transfer money. At the same time, as a rule, no contract is concluded. That is, you act at your own peril and risk. It often happens that after receiving an advance payment, the freelancer disappears and you have to look for another. As a result, we have wasted money and time.

Another problem is the qualifications of a specialist. Are you confident that the selected employee has necessary knowledge and experience, will he fail in such an important matter as participation in public procurement? Therefore, before hiring a freelancer, it is worth asking for feedback on their work. In addition, it will not be superfluous to view information about him in in social networks, check mailbox addresses, etc.

Hiring a tendering agency with payment for the result

Great care should be taken in such a form of cooperation as hiring an agency, subject to payment based on the result (the won auction). The fact is that no professional tender agency is able to guarantee the victory of a participant. Whether you win the tender or not - it depends, first of all, on you and your cost price.

Of course, the agency will help you choose a suitable trading platform, eliminate corruption factors, find a good auction and declare yourself as a participant. But to promise victory is at least unprofessional.

Pay-for-performance services are usually offered by two categories of performers:

• Newbies are people without sufficient experience who are interested in their own training in practice (as a rule, they do not have an office, a full-fledged website, or official reviews from clients).
• Crooks are the so-called "agencies" that lure clients with promises of winning the tender, and in the process of interaction, when the client "took a bite", they ask to transfer the deposit to the account (for example, as a guarantee of your reliability).

The likelihood of finding a qualified specialist in this way is extremely low. At best, you will waste time, at worst, money.

Hiring a tender agency with a monthly fee

A fairly common option that many agencies offer is cooperation with a subscription fee. In this case, your chances can be estimated as 50/50 - it all depends on the company you contact.

Unfortunately, there are agencies on the market that require a monthly fee from the customer in the amount of 15-70 thousand rubles a month, promising to provide a range of services for the search, selection of tenders and participation in tenders within the agreed period. In reality, all further "activity" of the company comes down to sending you certificates of work performed.

You should be alarmed by the fact that the agency offers to sign an agreement with a subscription fee for a long time (even if it promises a substantial discount). Also, read the footnotes and regulations carefully. In particular, under the contract, you must have the right to refuse to participate in a knowingly unfavorable tender.

Hiring a staff member

It would seem that a worthy option is to hire a specialist on the staff of the company. But this method also has its drawbacks.

Firstly, finding a truly qualified tendering specialist is quite difficult. If there is such a person who has agreed to work for you, he will certainly lead several more projects in parallel. You will have to constantly monitor the activities of a full-time professional, and on this basis, conflicts often arise.

Second, the hired employee may not have the right experience... As a result: lost tenders, irretrievably lost time, lost profits, and even the need to invest in employee training.

Thirdly, a full-time specialist will have to pay substantial wages, and for tender work, seasonality is characteristic. This means that for about six months the employee will have a rest at the workplace and “decompose” the atmosphere in the team.

Tender agency with payment for the work done

The most preferable, in our opinion, method of participation in the auction is an agreement with an agency, subject to payment for the work done. This option is reliable and productive. Almost all conscientious performers offer their customers a similar scheme of cooperation.

How the interaction is built:

• You (the customer) determine the tender in which you plan to participate and the services that you need;
• The contractor (tender agency) assesses the complexity of the order and makes an offer;
• After signing the contract, the agency performs the agreed work.

In this case, the customer has the right to refuse cooperation at any time if the quality or cost of services does not suit him. And the performer, for his part, is motivated to make every effort to a fruitful and long-term partnership.

As you can see, the described method is the most effective. In addition, it assumes a minimum of risks for both the customer and the agency. This is how the majority of companies that have achieved significant success in electronic trading are structured in this way.

Have you had any experience in organizing tender work? Write your answers in the comments.