Summer is ahead, which means that yesterday's schoolchildren will go to storm the walls of universities. In pursuit of a good education and a demanded specialty, everyone will choose their own option. And what institutions are considered the most prestigious universities not only in our country, but all over the world?
Meet the top ten educational institutions, whose diploma opens the door to high society.
Harvard University (USA)
According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the famous Harvard was in the honorable first place. This is not surprising, because it was founded in 1636 and is the oldest university in the United States.
In addition to twelve faculties, the university has its own museums and a huge library.
Medical, legal and economics faculties, and applicants from the United States and hundreds of other countries of the world aspire to get here.
Stanford University (USA)
In second place is Stanford, located in California. Founded in the late 19th century, it provides the best business education in the world. Graduates of this university became the founders of companies such as Nvidia, Hewlett-Packard, Yahoo, Google, Electronic Arts, Sun Microsystems and others.
Every year, this university becomes home to 15,000 students who dream of getting into the famous "Silicon Valley" - a group of employee selection organizations at Stanford.
University of Cambridge (UK)
Founded in 1209, this university is one of the oldest in the world. Among its graduates there are 87 Nobel laureates - no other educational institution can boast of such a result.
Cambridge is made up of 31 colleges and over a hundred referrals, of which only three admit women.
The university is also unusual in that its president is a real prince (Philip, Prince of Edinburgh).
University of Oxford (UK)
The main rival of Cambridge, the equally famous Oxford, was founded in 1117 and became the oldest university in Europe. Only a hundred years ago, women began to be admitted to it, and they switched to joint training in the 70s of the XX century.
A huge library, dozens of sports clubs and three hundred clubs make the life of Oxford students incredibly interesting. By the way, it was this university that 2 kings, 25 prime ministers graduated from, and Lews Carroll and John Tolkien taught here.
California Institute of Technology
This private university was founded at the end of the 19th century, and is taught here only in the exact sciences, with a particular focus on engineering. Students studying here become NASA specialists, and during their studies can use their own jet laboratory.
Among the dozens of traditions of the university, some very interesting ones come across, for example, on Halloween, pumpkin frozen in liquid nitrogen is dropped from the library tower, and every freshman must overcome the "day of truancy" and get to lectures, bypassing the traps set up by senior students and the teaching staff.
Imperial College London (UK)
The inventor of penicillin, who has become a cult figure in modern medicine, was a graduate of the Imperial College. However, he was not the only one who glorified the walls of his native educational institution - a dozen more Nobel laureates have a local diploma.
Natural sciences, engineering and medicine are the main profile of this university, and its diploma makes the aspiring doctor a desirable specialist in most European clinics.
University College London (UK)
The first university in England to accept students regardless of gender, age and social status, based solely on their knowledge and enthusiasm. It still has the largest number of female professors and is an excellent option for foreigners, since it still does not change its selection principles.
University of Chicago (USA)
The University, founded by Rockefeller in 1890, has become the main economic and socio-political university in the United States. Even Barack Obama and his wife managed to work here, he is a teacher of constitutional law, she is an assistant dean.
By the way, among the graduates of the University of Chicago there are almost as many Nobel laureates as there are in Cambridge - 79 people.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA)
Computer technology and innovation, modern technology and artificial intelligence - these are the issues that the students and alumni of the Massachusetts Institute are dealing with. Leading IT specialists are trained here, who are already dismantled from senior courses by Nokia, Apple and others.
Columbia University
The university, founded in New York in 1754, became a place for training the political elite. At the faculties of political science, journalism and international relations life is constantly boiling, and any world events resonate within the walls of the university, sometimes reaching strikes.
Many American ministers and presidents studied here, for example, the current leader of the United States. During the existence of the university, 54 of its graduates have received the Nobel Prize.
Unfortunately, there are few Russian universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities, and they are at the very bottom. So, Moscow State University takes only the seventieth place.
But you should be pleased with the fact that foreign citizens are also accepted into the top ten universities in the world, so you have a chance too.
There are tournaments, the victory in which is especially desirable for football players. The best of the best compete there, and each player can get an exhaustive answer to the question of what he is worth as a football player.
It is extremely difficult to win such competitions, the stakes there are as high as possible, and the players enter the field extremely motivated and enthusiastic.
So, here is a list of the 10 most difficult and prestigious tournaments in world football:
Copa america
The America's Cup defines the strongest footballing power in the South American continent, and it is extraordinarily difficult to conquer. In addition to Brazil and Argentina, countries such as Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile are always able to compete for the title.
America's Cup is one of the most prestigious awards for any South American footballer. Those who wish to win this trophy will face a confrontation with teams of the highest level, demonstrating incredibly beautiful and exciting football.
La Liga
In order to understand the complexity of the Spanish Championship, just look at the list of competing teams. The technical level of the tournament is unusually high, as evidenced by the performance of such teams as Valencia, Malaga, Levante and the like.
Well, as for Real Madrid and Barcelona, they do not need any introduction at all, since they are the most successful teams in the history of world football.
Serie A
A powerful attack (especially in the performance of such giants as Milan and Juventus) is combined with a traditionally tight defense. The overall level of competition is also very high. Today, for example, in addition to the two mentioned leaders, 6 teams, occupying from third to eighth places, are located in a dense group within 8 points.
Bundesliga
The German Football Championship is an excellent example of a football tournament with a high yet balanced level of competition.
The result of this system is the relative equality of clubs operating in financial fair play, which, however, does not exclude the presence of outstanding teams such as Bayern Munich.
Any surprise can happen in the German Championship. Who could, for example, at the beginning of the season think that Borussia Mönchengladbach would qualify for a place in the Champions League tournament?
FA Cup
The FA Cup is one of the most difficult football trophies in the world to win. The reasons for this lie not only in the glorious history of the tournament, but also in the wide variety of teams participating in it.
A team of almost any level can take part in the Cup. Big clubs have to compete not only with their usual rivals, but also with stubborn and uncompromising teams from the lower divisions, always ready to present an unpleasant surprise.
The prestige of the Cup is so high that each participant of the tournament tries to mobilize maximum resources for him, and Cup matches (especially in final stages) are invariably a magnificent sight.
Africa Cup of Nations
African football is booming with the emergence of a number of world-class football players.
Another consequence of the rapid development of football on the "black continent" is the high level of competition in the African Cup of Nations.
So, the favorite of this year's tournament - the Cote d'Ivoire team did not manage to become the winner, contrary to all forecasts. In the final match, the Ivorians lost to the Zambia national team, which won the penalty shootout.
It is difficult not only to win the Cup, but also to qualify for the tournament. For example, even such an experienced and respected team as the Cameroon national team dropped out of the Cup this year at the qualifying stage.
Europe championship
The European Football Championship has always attracted special attention, as it brings together the best teams of the “old continent” under its auspices.
The level of competition between the participants of the European Championship remains extremely high from start to finish. Within the framework of the tournament, even the countries that are not the strongest in terms of football sometimes manage to “jump over their heads”, achieving outstanding results.
English Premier League
Despite claims of a "renaissance" of the Spanish La Liga, which allegedly surpassed the Premier League in terms of the quality of play, we still believe that the National Championship–the homeland of football is still the best national football championship in the world.
In this competition, each team, regardless of the current position in the standings, is able to defeat any opponent. Even without strict financial regulations Bundesliga, a small English club always has a chance to upset the recognized grandee. An example is the recent fight between Arsenal and QPR, in which the Gunners lost 2-1.
The contenders for the championship have to reckon with such factors as a very long season without a winter break and an unusually high level of physical activity. In such conditions, the element of luck is of particular importance.
Most of the world's famous and renowned concert halls were built in cities with their own musical history. Possessing excellent acoustics, stunning beauty of architecture, with thoughtful lighting, a stage equipped for performances, every musician or singer dreams of performing in such places.
| N | Name | City, country) | Capacity people |
| 1 | Los Angeles, USA) | 2 265 | |
| 2 | Beijing, China) | 6 500 | |
| 3 | Oslo (Norway) | 1 400 | |
| 4 | London, England) | 5 500 | |
| 5 | Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) | 1 616 | |
| 6 | Taipei (Taiwan) | 2 074 | |
| 7 | Prague, Czech Republic) | 1 023 | |
| 8 | Porto (Portugal) | 1 238 | |
| 9 | New York, USA) | 2 804 | |
| 10 | Mexico City (Mexico) | 1 500 |
This unique structure was built on the personal savings of the family of a multimillionaire, a man of extraordinary thinking and a businessman who created the animation empire, Walt Disney. Donating a considerable sum ($ 50 million), the family wanted to build not just a building where celebrities could perform, but to create an architectural masterpiece worthy of the honor of a man who managed to achieve inconceivable heights during his lifetime.
A person who not only insisted on this project and, in fact, led the course himself construction works, became the widow of a multimillionaire, Lillian. From the very beginning, she made sure that everything was as it would have been during Disney's lifetime.
The construction of this scale was entrusted to the architect Frank Gehry, who once again proved to the whole world his genius and ability to create masterpieces. The building was designed from 1991 to 1992.
The structure is considered one of the best in terms of its acoustic properties. In the design, it was necessary to modify the mass of the original elements. This seriously affected the financial costs, but additional money was found in no time. In 2003, during a ceremony and in the presence of many celebrities, the hall was inaugurated.
The building, built in Beijing, resembles a domed sphere with a length of 212 m. The 47-meter high-rise was erected from glass and metal structures, while the architects, seemingly in violation of all the laws of physics, were able to create the impossible. Outwardly resembling a transparent drop, the building contains not only a magnificent concert hall, but also a host of other architectural elements.
You can get to the theater by an underground glass labyrinth. Visitors immediately notice that under their feet there is a real, albeit artificially built, lake. Part of the labyrinth is under water and this further enhances the effect of the spectacle. The Chinese have always managed to make buildings unique in their beauty, but this time they succeeded even more - they surprised not only others, but also themselves.
Opened in 2007, the architectural ensemble is undoubtedly one of Snohetta's finest creations. This architectural bureau has repeatedly proved its professionalism, becoming famous for its creations, designing and building entertainment and residential complexes.
For the designers, the main task was to squeeze the building in such a way that it would organically fit into the urban development of Oslo, becoming a connecting link between modernity and the historical quarters of the city. The Oslofjord is an area mainly composed of coastal cliffs. The continuation of the city is the port areas, where, as in the central part, the life of the townspeople is boiling. The building was built with just such a design that both parts of Oslo would be tied to the opera house.
The architecture is shaped like a horseshoe, which is the ideal solution for creating an acoustical effect in the room. This feature allows you to fill the hall with sounds and music that are perfectly audible no matter where the audience is located in the theater. Another significant difference and novelty in architecture is the roof, which, having an inclined shape, almost completely descends to the bottom, directly to the edge of the sea.
The Albert Hall is the most prestigious cultural destination not only in London, but throughout the UK. Not only is this building classified as a historical monument, since the construction of architecture took place during the reign of Prince Albert (1871), but also in terms of its technical and architectural features, the ensemble is considered one of the best in the world.
Architectural ensemble as directed royal family was built of red brick, openwork cast iron, glass and wood. The facade was designed in such a way that the sculptural images reflected the types of art that were fashionable at the time when it was erected. Another unique element of the building is the cast-iron frame. She carries a dome made entirely of glass, which not only enhances the concentration of acoustics, but also creates additional lighting.
The architect Santiago Calatravo achieved that the creation, designed by him, became famous for its uniqueness not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders. No one doubted the abilities of the architect, entrusting the genius with the design and construction of a theater located in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
The scale of the structure, which was completed in 2003, does not fit the usual standards of reason. The 100-meter 350-ton roof simultaneously covers two concert theaters, a chamber one with 424 seats and an organ theater with 1616 seats.
A place was specially allocated for the placement of the theater, where the harmony of nature and the proximity of the sea coast make it possible to immerse oneself in the world of art as much as possible. Slopes with access to the coastal zone were built especially for the rest of the visitors. The architect has provided other places for recreation and entertainment in his project, thereby solving the problem of leisure.
The architectural ensemble was designed at a time when the countries of the East were historically changing. This is especially noticeable in cultural objects, when fashionable altruism with elements of national symbols were reunited with the advent of ultramodern structures in architecture.
Built in the best traditions of national architecture, the building includes two separate facilities - a theater and a concert hall. Especially for the guest program, there are all the necessary infrastructures to solve the problem of additional rest.
The cultural center presents a number of programs, which are not just varied - they are completely different in execution. Here you can enjoy Shakespearean dramas, listen to Verdi's operas, watch the mesmerizing performances provided by the kabuki theater. The popularity of the theater is so great that eminent orchestras, singers, musicians, groups from all over the world, including ethnic groups of little-known countries, are considered an honor to perform there.
"Rudolfinum" is the main center of spiritual relaxation not only in Prague, but also in the Czech Republic. Built according to a special project in 1885, the hall almost immediately became a fashionable gathering place for music lovers from all over Europe. The Austro-Hungarian Prince Rudolph, after whom the building was named, was personally present at its opening.
There are three completely different concert halls at once, which makes it possible, while being under one roof, to perform for various groups of artists. According to the location, the first guests are greeted by the Dvořík Hall. A special feature of the room is the unsurpassed acoustic effect, which is unmatched in the whole of Europe. This is followed by the Kubelka Hall and the Josef Suk Hall. It not only hosts concerts of the best classical works, but also organizes exhibitions of famous artists, whose paintings are brought and exhibited by collectors and other art lovers from all over the world.
In the Portuguese city of Porto, according to a special project by the genius architect Koolhaas (Holland), the construction of a concert hall was started, named on the day of the grand opening (2005) as the "House of Music".
The building is designed in such a way that the main concert hall, which can accommodate 1200 people, is located separately, thereby not interfering with its performances other premises located in the building.
Locals jokingly call the concert hall a piece of sugar. The reason for this comparison is the structure's format, which looks like a truncated cube. The jokes end almost immediately after the guests get inside the building. Walls adjoining each other, diverging to the sides, intersect and connect in a variety of angular projections, thereby causing different associations. Most of the guests claim that after visiting the concert hall for a long time they have the impression that they have been in a completely different world.
This magnificent, world-famous concert hall was built in 1891, in the heart of Manhattan. It goes without saying that Carnegie Hall is extremely popular. Its three concert halls, with a total capacity of 2804 people, are almost always occupied by the public.
For all the time "Carnegie Hall" practically did not modify its appearance and the only thing that the city authorities constantly care about is the maintenance of the concert hall in an exemplary manner. In 1983 and 2003, major overhauls building. In the first case, a major revision of the walls, basement and facade parts, including the foundation and basements, was carried out, in the second, the internal elements of the structure were repaired.
Built in 1934 in the heart of the Mexican capital, the Palais des Beaux-Arts almost immediately became the most popular venue for all levels of musicians and artists. Built in Art Deco and Beaux-Arts style in Carrara marble, the palace with all its concert halls strikes with the splendor of the scenery and elements of architecture.
The Opera House, which has become famous all over the world, is a kind of Mecca for gathering tourists and opera music lovers. Mexican and other artists are honored to perform on the stage of the Opera House in Mexico City.
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In the literary world, a wide variety of prizes are awarded: in the field of poetry and prose, drama and fiction, lyrics and detective stories. However, not every prize testifies to the quality of the literature that was awarded.
Recognized awards are collected in our Top 10 most prestigious literary awards... From among the laureates of these awards, you can safely choose books worthy of reading.
10. Liberty Award
The award was established in the United States by emigrants from Russia in 1999. She is awarded for her contribution to the development of Russian-American culture and the strengthening of international relations between countries. V. Aksenov, M. Epshtein, V. Bachanyan, O. Vasiliev became laureates.
9. Prize H.K. Andersen
This prize is awarded in the field of children's literature, both for the works themselves and for the illustrations to them. Astrid Lindgren, Tove Jansson, Gianni Rodari became the laureates of the award.
8.
The annual literature award is presented to laureates, selected both by popular vote and by an expert commission. Winners of the 2013 Runet Book Prize have already been named on the pages.
7. Russian Booker
This prize is awarded for the best novel in Russian. Bulat Okudzhava, Lyudmila Ulitskaya and Vasily Aksenov became laureates of the Russian Booker. Along with the main prize, the "Student Booker" is also awarded, the jury of which includes students and postgraduates.
6. Southeast Asia Literature Prize
This international literary prize recognizes the best poetry and prose by authors from ASEAN countries. The chairman of the organizing committee of the award is the prince of Thailand, Prem Puracatra.
5. ABS award
The Arkady and Boris Strugatsky Prize is awarded for the best works in the field of science fiction, written in Russian. The laureates of the award are Evgeny Lukin, Kir Bulychev, Dmitry Bykov.
4. Booker Prize
For many, this award is the most prestigious in the world of English-language literature. The winner is presented with a check for £ 50,000. Four times in history, Booker laureates have also received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
3. Goncourt Prize
The French Literary Prize has been awarded annually since 1903. According to the charter, the prize can be awarded to any author only once in a lifetime. Over the years, the Goncourt Prize was awarded to Marcel Proust, Simone de Beauvoir, Alphonse de Chateaubriand.
2. Pulitzer Prize
This American Prize has been awarded since 1911. The size of the main prize is 10 thousand US dollars. Despite the fact that the laureates almost never make it to the lists of book bestsellers, the award is considered one of the most prestigious in the literary world.
1. Nobel Prize for Literature
This prestigious award is presented annually for achievements in the field of literature. Most of the laureates are writers from Europe and the United States, so the award is often criticized for bias. Among Russian authors, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Sholokhov, and also Alexander Solzhenitsyn received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Everyone has their own concept of the prestige of the profession. Someone wants to get a highly paid specialty. It is important for someone to be at the top of the career ladder. A prestigious job can be a job for which there is a lot of demand, but the supply is limited. In some cases, prestige is a consequence of fashion. However, this is all relative.
Subway builders earn decent money, but the harsh conditions of their work make the prestige of this work less obvious. And vice versa, doctors have a very modest salary, a lot of physical activity and no less responsibility. However, competitions in medical universities do not fall over the years. And yet there are occupational ratings. They change regularly depending on the economic situation and labor market trends. Why are the holders of a prestigious specialty in the "top" today, and tomorrow I can not find a job? Let's try to figure it out.
What affects the popularity of the profession
- Social affiliation.
Representatives of the "golden youth" will prefer to work in highly paid sectors of the market, and young people from urban outskirts may be happy with a scarce working profession. And everyone in their segment will be considered the owner of a prestigious profession.
- Career prospect.
If the specialty opens the doors, and behind them there is a long road that leads to the growth of well-being and the achievement of lofty goals, then this is an honorable path. It makes sense to go along it.
- The possibility of self-realization.
Work where the talent received in educational institution knowledge, as well as skills and experience accumulated in the course of a career, ceases to be attractive. Rarely does a person imagine himself in the role of a dry function, and not as a thinking and creative unit. So interesting profession always prestigious.
- High labor costs.
"Top" specialties, as a rule, require a lot of dedication and time. Work done quickly, without the investment of effort, mind and emotion, does not bring really noticeable results. A successful specialist always works hard. In order to reach a level where both he and his work will pay dividends.
- The prospects of the specialty.
By choosing future work, sometimes it is necessary to look ahead for several years. An invisible profession today in just a couple of years can become the “queen of the market”. This once happened with specialists in the field of IT-technologies. Today they are among the three most prestigious, and once their future was shrouded in a fog of uncertainty. True, in order to choose a promising job for yourself, you need to have a good flair and analytical skills.
- Influence.
By and large, any work influences something. The work of a janitor - for the cleanliness of the streets, an economist - for the financial stability of an enterprise, a teacher - for the level of education of the younger generation. However, some professions, as they say, rule the world. For example, the professionalism of diplomats can influence the prestige of a country. And the quality of officials' activities affects the level of development of entire regions. It is not for nothing that they say that the prestige of the position held is directly related to great responsibility.
- Salary.
Many people call this category the main criterion of prestige. Maybe it is so. After all, a wealthy person, as a rule, stands on one of the highest social steps. He is smart, works hard, successfully realized, influential and respected in society.
Evolution of prestigious professions in Russia
The popularity of professions in our country has changed in different historical periods. It depended on the economic and political situations, the level social development and social preferences.
At the beginning of the 20th century, before the revolution, the education sector was actively developing in the country. Therefore, teachers of parish and secular schools and vocational schools were in demand. In those years, the teacher was considered, perhaps, the most respected person in society.
In the 1920s, labor market trends were influenced by emancipation. She unified male and female specialties. Women learned to operate agricultural machinery, went to serve in the army, became politicians, and took positions in power.
The 30s in Russia were the time of the development of aviation. Therefore, the pilot's profession was extremely popular. The names of Valery Chkalov, Georgy Baidukov, Alexander Belyakov, Anatoly Lyapidevsky and other testers make up the history of our country.
During the Great Patriotic War the situation forced him to master professions related to the defense of the homeland. The issue of prestige has been relegated to the background for a while. Not only men, but also women became scouts, pilots, radio operators, specialists of other military specialties. One of the most demanded was the profession of a doctor.
In the 50s, when the country was rebuilding after the war, builders and engineers were in demand. In the same years, medicine also became popular. Competitions for medical schools began to grow. The electronic industry was also actively developing, where competent technicians were required.
The 60s in Russia became the time of romance. Everyone wanted to become geologists and geographers. The person who visited the expedition aroused envy and respect. After Yuri Gagarin's flight into space, everyone dreamed of becoming astronauts, but this profession, of course, was not given to everyone.
The 70s gave impetus to scientific specialties. Scientists were required in many industries, especially those that served as the basis for the development of the national economy and industry. Scientists, especially those with advanced degrees, were among the highest paid professionals
The late 70s and 80s were remembered for the popularity of engineering specialties. Diplomats, military men and athletes were also held in high esteem. We began to actively train specialists for the oil and gas industry and forestry.
The 90s is the time of new professions that came to us along with market relations. Managers of various formats, marketers, economists, lawyers, PR specialists, stylists, image makers and other previously unknown specialties, which quickly became in demand and then prestigious, appeared in large numbers on the labor market. More mundane professions - teachers, engineers, builders - remained outsiders in the ratings for several years.
Finally, the 2000s became the era digital technologies and all professions associated with them. IT specialties still continue to hold leading positions in the labor market.
The most demanded professions according to statistics in recent years
In October 2018, the All-Russian Center for the Study of public opinion conducted a survey about what specialties the inhabitants of Russia would prefer to everyone else. 26% of the respondents voted for the profession of a doctor, although they admitted that incomes in it are not the highest. It is curious that in 2012 only 12% would like to become doctors. Further places were distributed among teachers (14%), legal professions (15%), politicians (13%) and oil workers (12%).
According to the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation for 2019, Russia lacks:
- teachers;
- engineers;
- doctors of various profiles;
- builders;
- drivers;
- qualified locksmiths, mechanics and workers of other specialties.
There are many open vacancies in the following areas:
- information technology and the Internet;
- bookkeeping and accounting;
- the sphere of sales and services.
Top 20 prestigious professions
- IT professionals, including a programmer, web designer, web analyst, specialist in information security, developer mobile applications, account manager, interior designer, tester software, seo optimizer, visualizer, web architect, etc.
- Engineers for the development of industrial sectors.
- Designers for the implementation of projects in the field of development, housing and infrastructure facilities.
- Developers automated systems and robots.
- QMS - managers - specialists in the implementation of quality management technologies.
- Employees for the oil and gas industries - geologists, geophysicists, drilling engineers, field developers.
- Business analysts for the provision of services in the banking sector, mining, IT-technologies, construction, trade, consulting, etc.
- Financiers - employees of investment funds, financial services, banks and stock exchanges, tax structures, financial companies, economic divisions of state bodies.
- Project managers for the implementation of projects and programs in any industry.
- Specialists in the prevention and elimination of risks (risk managers).
- Physicians with a narrow specialization and emerging medical professions such as molecular nutritionist, developer of implants and cyber-prostheses, network physician for telemedicine, specialists in new biomaterials and cell products, etc.
- Biotechnologists are the developers of new methods of treating various diseases.
- Microbiologists - study microorganisms for the production of antiviral drugs, broad spectrum drugs, vitamins and other medicines.
- Agrotechnologists are specialists in new technologies in the field Agriculture, development of systems for soil cultivation, fertilization and plant protection.
- Psychotherapists.
- Web marketers.
- Business trainers.
- Top athletes.
- Lawyers and advocates.
- Working specialties - electricians, welders, locksmiths, operators for the maintenance of special equipment.
