How to start a small grocery store from scratch? How to open a grocery store: the necessary documents and initial costs How to open a grocery step-by-step instructions c.

There are not many types of businesses that do not depend on financial crisis and other material hardships. For example, a grocery store - profitable business even in an unstable time, when the market for service enterprises is shrinking, and some niches are completely closed until better times. Consider the steps you need to take to successful opening his grocery store.

Certainly, grocery shopping is not the ideal business... It, like other formats, is subject to the same market laws of development, external and internal factors. And during the crisis, despite the stable demand for food, the purchasing power of the population still fell in this niche. Grocery store business owners were among the first to feel the decline in profits. Due to a shift in the consumer's focus. Simply put, the consumption basket has become cheaper and more modest.

But - good news from the site - demand for everyday goods and food will never go to zero... For consumers, only the consumption model changes.

Given this rule, a grocery store can be made to break even. To do this, it is necessary: to change and rebuild the assortment in a timely manner, look for new suppliers and manufacturers, consider cheap alternatives to expensive food products, introduce promotions and come up with other ways to increase customer loyalty.

The concept of starting a grocery business is pretty simple. To open a grocery store, you need to collect a package of documents and permits, find and equip a suitable premises, choose and conclude contracts with suppliers, purchase special equipment for storing food and start advertising campaigns to attract buyers ..

Choosing premises for a grocery store

The most optimal solution when choosing a room- to find ready-made, already equipped for trade in food. You can even consider this the only one the right decision, with some reservations.

This problem, of course, only applies to those who do not have their own premises. Owners, on the contrary, have an undeniable advantage in the form of premises and the ability to equip it the way they want. the site is not looking for easy ways, therefore we will assume that the premises are supposed to be rented.

If the premises are not ready for the opening of a grocery store, re-equipping the area for selling food products to the standards established by law is a rather complicated process. He can "eat" a lot of money, nerves and time. Moreover, the time spent on registration and obtaining all the necessary permits will take the most. It is necessary to pay special attention to engineering communications. SES, Ministry of Emergency Situations and other inspection bodies establish special requirements, depending on the area of the premises for the store, for the fire extinguishing and fire alarm system, ventilation, lighting, and the serviceability of electrical wiring. Naturally, this will not happen in an unprepared room. And you will have to do everything yourself.

If it is possible to find a ready-made room, it is imperative to check the availability and correctness of the permitting documentation for the room in accordance with all the necessary standards. If there is no such documentation, or the owner of the premises proposes to resolve this issue "later", then, no doubt, the tenant will have to decide everything, at best, independently. At worst, the further functioning of the grocery store will become simply impossible.

Of course, the reader will say the site, a ready-made room for a grocery store will cost a pretty penny anyway, but you still have to remodel it to fit your needs. And he will be right. Moreover, it is very difficult to find a good ready-made premises for a specific purpose. Everything that will be offered on the market, one way or another, has problems, such as the need for cosmetic repairs, or, even worse, major repairs. Therefore, the search for a ready-made premises is the only correct solution, with these very reservations that it will be very difficult to find a suitable one. Almost impossible.

The optimal solution to this dilemma is to find premises for the possibility of converting it into a grocery store. This means the following: the possibility of arranging the necessary utilities, the possibility of repair of any complexity, the possibility of a separate exit. And, the main thing in this decision is the ability to obtain the necessary permits. All this, one way or another, will have to be done independently. Good landlords, as a rule, in this case go to a meeting with the tenant - they give a rental vacation for the required period, or they can take part of the costs for themselves, they also assist in obtaining permits - provide the necessary certificates, extracts and other "bureaucracy".

Do not forget about store location- the basis of any success retail... Accommodation in a passable place is a great luck and best advertisement for a profitable business.

If you plan to rent a room, then the following simple tips will be very useful.

A long-term lease agreement is more profitable than a short-term one; for a long-term lease, they are more willing to give a discount.
The terms of the renewal of the contract should be transparent and should not provide the lessor with a unilateral right to increase the rental price. Such an upgrade must be processed as an additional agreement with prior notice to the tenant. It is best to review all the terms of the contract with a lawyer experienced in real estate transactions.
The terms of early termination must be included in the agreement. Despite the low risks of unprofitable business, anything can happen and, for example, a large area cannot reach self-sufficiency. The conditions should be satisfactory for the tenant.

Documents required to open a grocery store

The current rules for the use of checkout equipment assume that the new grocery store is using the online checkout (KKT-online). That is, a terminal that transmits information via the Internet. It will not be difficult to acquire such a cash register, there are many companies specializing in the installation and maintenance of cash register equipment and other systems for accounting for goods turnover. They will take care of all the paperwork for this equipment. The owner of a food retail outlet will only have to arrange the store itself. Of course, this design can also be delegated to third-party specialists for a separate cost, or, save money - and do everything yourself. Moreover, according to the site, not everything is as complicated as it seems at first glance:

... Takes 5 to 25 days. It is carried out at the tax office at the place of registration, or at the place of opening of the store. If the owner already has his own LLC, which allows opening a grocery store, then it is enough to get a certificate of absence of debts from the Federal Tax Service (FTS).
With a ready-made lease agreement (or a certificate of ownership, if the owner of the premises himself opens his own small grocery business), it is necessary to obtain from the SES and the State Fire Inspection (or other similar municipal services and departments) the conclusion that the store premises meet all standards. In the SES, it is also necessary to issue a sanitary passport for the premises.
WITH local authority management (HOA, ZhEK) or private company you need to conclude an agreement on the removal of household waste.
If you plan to sell strong alcohol, you must obtain a separate license for the sale of alcoholic beverages.
It is also necessary to prepare a list of the full range of goods for the opening point of sale.

To obtain permission to trade in food, the collected package of documents must be submitted to the local government consumer market... In a month, if all documents are in order and are checked, a trade permit will be issued.

After the permit is received, it is necessary to register the cash register equipment and certify the workplaces. Also, without fail, you need to organize a consumer corner, where the following are indicated:

emergency telephones;
a book for complaints and suggestions of the established form;
a copy of the current law "On Protection of Consumer Rights";
copies of licenses for all products subject to licensing;
copy of the trade permit.

Equipment for a grocery store

For a grocery store, equipment is divided into two types - commercial equipment and, as noted above, cash register. Installing equipment is one of the most expensive items in opening a store. It's all about him high cost... Especially for new technology. And this expense item cannot be avoided in any way.

Because the organization of space inside the premises of a grocery store is regulated by the norms and laws of the state. Installing the wrong equipment can result in fines and penalties, the total cost of which exceeds the cost of the right equipment.

Retail store equipment. The equipment is selected based on the requests of the owner and the capabilities of the outlet. The display of goods implies the presence of various racks and display cases, suitable for placing a suitable product. The most expensive will be the purchase of refrigeration equipment. The way to save money, in this case, is to rent or installment plan for equipment. Many trade equipment companies have such offerings. Also, food suppliers and manufacturers can provide their own (branded) equipment for the entire period of the supply agreement. Rentals and branded equipment are a great option for those grocery store owners who are on a budget.

Cash register equipment. Since 2018, the use of CCP is mandatory for all payers of UTII and PSN. The grocery store should be equipped with a cash register, a card reader, a scale and a label scanner. According to federal law N 54-FZ "On the use of cash registers when making cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards", the owner of a cash register is not obliged to conclude an agreement Maintenance settlement and cash equipment. However, all problems arising in the operation of this equipment will have to be solved independently or involve outside specialists. The same law allows you to register a CCP by yourself, without the involvement of specialists and overpayment.

To register a cash register yourself, you must:

Equip the cash register with a fiscal drive;
Conclude an agreement with any fiscal data operator (OFD);
Submit an application for registration of your cash register with the Federal Tax Service (this can be done using the Internet, through the official website of the Federal Tax Service, for this you need to obtain an electronic signature);
After consideration of the registration application, if successful, a unique registration number will be assigned, which must be entered into the CCP.

Recruiting sales staff for a grocery store

A prerequisite for store employees is the presence of a valid health book. In the event of a violation - lack of sanitary books - the business owner faces a heavy fine. Also, in the state it is desirable to have movers, distributors of goods and cleaners. If the store is small, salespeople can be occupied with displaying goods and cleaning the premises for an additional fee.

Product suppliers and grocery store operation

Choosing suppliers is the secret to the success of any grocery store. Suppliers can be wholesale companies and manufacturers of goods. To select suppliers, you can use the services of a logistics specialist, he will help you select and organize the range of a grocery store for any format. If you plan to do everything yourself, then for this you need:

Study the demand of buyers and the supply of closest competitors;
Based on the data received, draw up a product matrix - a list of goods that are planned to be sold;
Based on the list, select suitable suppliers that will help create a competitive advantage.

Competitive advantages lie not only in selling prices, but also in the availability of goods or, even, some of its exclusivity. Even an expensive product makes a profit if there is a great demand for it, which exceeds the supply of neighboring competitors. Sometimes a low wholesale price is not a reason for serious savings, the benefits are facilitated by more convenient logistics of goods from the supplier, which can also cost a “pretty penny”.

The very same customer loyalty - the preference of the audience of visitors to visit a specific grocery store - is formed not so much by promotions and assortment of goods, but by the quality of the products and the service provided. It is these two components that form the general trend of the store's development and its further work.

Therefore, by finding the optimal combination of all factors, even a small grocery store can be profitable. And vice versa - large commercial network- barely gets to self-sufficiency .. He vividly reacts to changes in demand, financial health of the population and other external and internal factors. An experienced store owner must and must take these circumstances into account.

“Newbies” in this business, like everyone else, can try to open a business selling products under any federal franchise. This will allow you to study all the processes from the inside, learn how to sell products, go through all the stages from the choice of premises to the opening of a retail outlet. Besides, federal network grocery stores operating on a franchise have an undeniable advantage - a sign and a well-known name that is heard by consumers. That also plays on the loyalty of the audience. The downside, no doubt, in this case is the lack of several degrees of freedom of behavior and choice in business. An experienced entrepreneur may not like this. On the other hand, this will save the "beginner" from imprudent steps and serious mistakes.

Opening your own grocery store, with the right approach, is a great way to build a profitable and sustainable business. Own business!

Retail trade in food products is considered one of the fastest payback and profitable types of business, as it offers to sell goods for general and permanent consumption. Despite the fact that there is a rational grain in the idea, it is not easy to implement it and open a grocery store from scratch, you must follow many different rules and take into account important nuances. In this article, we will talk about what to look for and how to avoid difficulties as much as possible.

To open a grocery store and make it successful, there are many working nuances to consider. We offer you to consider step-by-step instructions that guide you through each stage of preparation.

Step 1. Collecting the necessary documents

In order for a business to be opened to have a legal basis and to be opened, it is necessary to draw up and assemble a whole package important documents... Let's take a closer look at what securities will have to deal with so that the legal component of the future business is in perfect order.

Registration of the future owner of a grocery store in (IP) or legal entity (LLC). Making a choice between one or another form of registration for conducting an official commercial activities, an assessment of the scale of the planned enterprise should be given and potential risks should be assessed. In the event that you are not going within the framework of the this business resort to the help of banking systems or private lenders, and the risks that arise are minimal, as an opportunity to remain head over heels in debt, it is better to register as an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you get a simplified procedure. Lamination of the activities of "IP" is carried out in accordance with Article 23 of the Civil Code, as well as various legislative acts Russian Federation... When starting a business, an individual entrepreneur can come with a request for legal support and financial assistance (almost 60 thousand rubles) to the employment center of the city of residence. In addition, the taxation system for individual entrepreneurs is much more lenient than that of legal entities. However, the "LLC" has the advantage: becoming a legal entity, you significantly lower the degree of responsibility for the activities of the enterprise, its employees, etc. In the case of "individual entrepreneur", an individual is 100% responsible.
When giving a choice to a legal entity, it is necessary to take care of the existence of a memorandum of association and articles of association.
A document certifying the registration of an entrepreneur with the city tax inspectorate, as well as the assignment of an INN to the taxpayer. For each entrepreneur, the chosen model of taxation of the enterprise is of particular importance. For "individual entrepreneur" this is a model of a simplified nature, the registration of which is carried out according to the submitted application.
Extract on registration in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities or Individual Entrepreneurs (USRLE or EGRIP). It is also issued in tax office... Which registry you will belong to, decide for yourself.
Information letter from Federal Service state statistics, with collections of OKVED codes. Their classification is not influenced by the chosen form of ownership or the source of incoming investments, only the activities of the organization are important. It is advisable to select the codes during registration without errors, since subsequently the procedure for changing or adding them will be very complicated.
A document certifying the registration of the owner of the establishment in The Pension Fund Russian Federation.
An agreement regarding the lease of a premises suitable for trading in products, or a document confirming the ownership of the specified premises.
The official conclusion of the Federal State Fire Inspectorate, which is issued on the basis of:
1. an application filed by the owner of the premises;
2. the presented certificate of completion of the business registration procedure;
3. drawing from the bureau of technical inventory;
4. confirmation of the installation of the fire alarm system;
5. insurance of the premises against accidents.
Conclusion from the local Office of Rospotrebnazdor, issued after checking the premises on the basis of:
1. businessman's statements;
2. registration certificate;
3. agreements on the lease of premises or ownership of premises;
4. sanitary information from a special passport of the premises;
5. a compiled list of goods to be offered for sale;
6. an agreement on the removal of garbage and other household waste from the territory of the enterprise.
Certificate confirming the registration of the cash register. To get it, you must provide:
1. completed application;
2. premises lease and ownership agreement;
3. business registration certificate;
4. passport for cash register equipment;
5. a hologram from the attendant.
A document certifying the complete certification of each workplace is obtained from the local office of the Ministry of Social Health.
A certificate issued by the administration of the city where the business is located, on the entry of the enterprise into the Commercial Register, that is, a permit to conduct trading activities.
Admission to the placement of outdoor advertising, also obtained from the city administration.
Medical books for each employee of the enterprise.
A book of complaints, reviews and suggestions, with numbered pages and sealed in the proper places, as well as with the signature of the manager.
Exact text Federal Law"On Protection of Consumer Rights" in the latest edition.
A clear plan of escape routes in the event of a fire.
Certificates of standards and compliance with regulations for products sold.
Licenses to trade in tobacco and alcoholic products.

As you can see, many of the documents required for opening are tied directly to the premises in which the trade will be carried out. This means that choosing a site for selling products is in fact the most important step for the success of a business. Let's see what characteristics of the premises affect the development of the enterprise and what to opt for.

You will find step-by-step instructions on how to open an IP in the article on our portal. You will learn in more detail about the necessary documents, links to download them, and the design requirements.

Step 2. Choosing a room for a grocery store

It is necessary to approach the choice of a place for placing a retail store deliberately, since, ultimately, the correctness the decision will seriously affect the level of sales of goods. Of course, this grocery store will not be the first in a city, village or town, therefore, all the best places have long been dismantled by competing companies. We'll have to choose the best of what's left. Let's start to consider the factors of site suitability.

A large database of premises for a store is located on the website of our partners Roomfi.Ru.

First of all, pay attention to such an indicator as the throughput of potential customers. It will be at an acceptable level if all of the following conditions are met.
At least 2-2.5 thousand people live within the radius of the supposed location of the shop. Simply put, about 7-8 standard five-storey panel houses or 6 nine-ten storey houses are located nearby. This condition is especially necessary for opening a "convenience store", where they do not come for the entire grocery basket, but run in on the way home to buy sweets or cereals for a side dish.
It is best to arrange point of sale near:
1. public transport stops;
2. metro stations in big cities;
3. railway and bus stations;
4. polyclinics for children and adults;
5. clothing markets;
6. schools and universities;
7. sports stadiums, etc.
Accommodation near crowded places is always beneficial, but it also presupposes a high level of competition. In addition, you should take into account the legal restrictions regarding the opening of outlets selling tobacco and alcohol products in the vicinity of educational institutions.
You should not compete with chain stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets located within a radius of up to two kilometers from the intended location of your shop. It is not hopeless if your shop is located closer to a residential area, however, it will not bring a lot of profit.
It is necessary to study the assortment of goods in competing stores and become leaders by selling products that are not there. The difference can be surprisingly small, for example expand your range of pastries or sell frozen fish and find your buyer. More precisely, take him away from competitors.
It is necessary to carefully consider the needs of the target audience. Do not rely only on adults, working people, as is now accepted by marketers. Believe me, the lion's share of income comes from such seemingly insolvent segments of society, such as:
1. pensioners;
2. adolescents;
3. children.
Companion products are the key to success, especially if they are correctly placed on the shelves. In order to trade them, in many cases it is necessary to obtain special permits, but it is definitely worth it.
Uniform corporate identity of the store - plus 100 points to the reputation. It is made up not only of external attributes, such as uniforms, color scheme in decorating the hall, store symbols, but also:
1. courtesy of staff;
2. ability to advise the buyer.
The presence of elements of customer comfort and working infrastructure is required. This is about:
1. areas for unloading goods;
2. access roads;
3. parking, spacious enough;
4. warehouses for storing food with refrigeration equipment;
5. electrical networks of sufficient capacity;
6. sewerage and plumbing system;
7. telephone line, etc.
Despite the fact that for the absence of one of the above components, you can safely demand a large discount from the landlord, it is better to avoid getting into such a situation, because, in the end, you will still have to eliminate the deficiency that has arisen.
In some cases, installation on a rented land plot modular buildings can be more profitable than renting a ready-made one. In addition to financial advantages, self-determination of the size and location of the future store will allow you to get closer to a potential buyer, as well as adjust the amount of specialized equipment required for installation.

Step 3. Calculate the starting capital

So, to open a good grocery store filled with all the necessary equipment and goods, on average, you will need a certain amount of money, which we will now calculate based on the cost of all the necessary elements.

Official registration of an enterprise and execution of documents permitting trading activities will cost a businessman from 25 to 35 thousand rubles.
Purchase necessary equipment, its installation and communication systems will cost about half a million rubles, plus or minus 100-150 thousand.
Installation of a security alarm and fire prevention system will cost from 60 to 70 thousand.
The initial assortment of goods required to launch an enterprise will cost about 650-800 thousand.
The costs of transport and other expenses related to the life of the enterprise will total about 90 thousand units of the Russian currency.

In total, adding up the maximum costs received, we get the amount of start-up capital: 1 million 600 thousand rubles.

It should be remembered that this amount does not include the recurring costs required to:

payment for the lease of premises (about 30,000-40,000 for premises up to 45-50 m²);
remuneration of staff (for two people you will need at least 30,000 rubles);
payment of utilities and taxes (20,000 rubles).

It turns out that almost 100,000 extra per month must be added to the start-up capital.

In order for the costs listed above to pay off, within the first 12 months after opening the store, the net profit should be about 250,000 per month. The average trade markup for a food product is 30% of the initial cost, so it is quite possible to do this.

Video - How much does it cost to open a grocery store

Step 4. Installing the equipment in the grocery store

The equipment required for opening and operating a grocery store is divided into two groups:

main;
additional.

The first is necessary from the moment the enterprise is launched, the second is acquired directly during work. Let's consider the components of each group. The main ones are:

Equipment for the installation of dry products in the hall:
1. shelves;
2. racks;
3. slides, etc.
Equipment for storing food in the utility room and in the warehouse:
1. racks;
2. refrigerators;
3. freezers.
Equipment for displaying frozen or perishable products in the hall:
1. refrigerated showcases;
2. showcases with ice for seafood;
3. freezer chests.
Showcases for storing confectionery and bakery products.
Counters, including cash registers.
Inventory:
1. scales;
2. capacity;
3. boards;
4. knives;
5. baskets and carts for products;
6. packages;
7. containers, etc.
After the store successfully opens and becomes popular with customers, the technical base is expanded by means of tools for creating working comfort:
1. slicers;
2. files for meat;
3. vacuum sealers;
4. refrigerators for storing drinks;
5. ice cream tanks;
6. camera surveillance systems;
7. climate control, etc.

As a result of the choice of equipment and its installation, the grocery store creates the most convenient conditions for interaction between staff and customers, as well as for making a purchase. The range of goods offered for sale significantly affects starter kit the technique required to open.

Step 5. Determining the assortment of goods in the grocery store

Even in a small retail space of a modest grocery store near the house, you can place almost 4-5 hundred names of various goods. There are elements that must be sold without which the establishment is unlikely to receive the necessary increase in clientele. Let's see what this is about.

Table 1. Approximate assortment of goods

Products of demand first priority	Products of everyday demand	Seasonal demand products
bread	buckwheat	non-alcoholic drinks;
grocery	rice	alcohol
milk	millet	ice cream, etc.
yoghurts	pasta
kefir	canned food
cheeses	tea
eggs	coffee
sausage	salt
meat products, etc.	spices, etc.

As you can see, the main product group has three main areas. Products of primary demand include goods purchased in small quantities every day, which are not basic foodstuffs. Of course, the most popular of them is bread, because people eat bread at least several times a day, if they do not adhere to a special menu. Everyday demand means buying side dishes, tea, coffee, etc., nothing fancy and nothing too expensive to run to a big store and buy for less. Seasonal demand implies the popularity of beverages, alcoholic or non-alcoholic, as well as ice cream and other similar products. All this should always be in the assortment, but by the onset of summer you can have several new flavors of the soda loved by children and fill the refrigerated chests with delicious ice cream.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the increase in demand for specific goods, as important events for society approach, for example, before the New Year, the demand for champagne and red caviar increases, before Easter for eggs, before March 8 and February 14 for Rafaello sweets and etc.

After launch and throughout life cycle establishments, it is necessary to constantly monitor customer demand and respond to requests in a timely manner, that is, as quickly as possible. In addition, even "poking your finger in the sky", that is, adding grocery items at random, based on your own assumptions, you can significantly increase the traffic rate, and as a result, the profitability of the store.

Step 6. We conclude agreements with product suppliers

Finding suppliers in your city is fairly easy. Bread and bakery products are supplied by bakeries and confectionery factories, meat products brought from meat processing plants and farms. By the way, it is the direct responsibility of suppliers to learn about the opening of new grocery stores. Most often, they find you on their own and offer excellent options for cooperation.

The lion's share of attention will have to be paid not to finding suppliers, but to tracking their reliability, as well as the accumulated reputation and price / quality ratio for each product.

When concluding agreements with suppliers on the supply of food products to the opening store, you need to pay attention to the following points:

establish a delivery schedule;
determine the timing of the delivery of products;
payment for the goods is made before or after delivery;
what are the conditions for deferred payments;
how to return a non-demanded item, etc.

Upon receipt of the goods, pay attention to viewing the documents for it, at least:

invoice;
quality certificates, etc.

The packaging of each product must include:

date of manufacture;
best before date;
compound;
calorie content;
the presence of food additives, etc.

In addition to checking the reputation and compliance of your suppliers, develop your own for them in order to receive more lucrative cooperation offers. So, it follows:

pay for the delivered consignment on time;
do not cancel orders at the last moment;
do business diplomatically and professionally.

After the launch of the enterprise, the organization will have to work on prepayment, when trust has been built up, you can pay for the receipt of products after the fact. The good name of a grocery store in business is important to the clientele and to the suppliers. When you feel approved, you will understand, it is time to expand.

Step 7. We hire staff

It would seem that it is easier to recruit experienced workers for a grocery store. However, this hard work, it is necessary to conduct daily and painstaking work with the hired personnel from the first day of admission. To set the right level of motivation and provoke conscientious labor activity, it is necessary to establish an acceptable system of remuneration, as well as regular bonus payments distinguished himself.

It is important to draw up a work schedule correctly and avoid violations of labor laws. The distribution of vacations is an item that should be taken seriously if you do not want constant staff turnover. It is necessary to control the timely extension of the validity period of workers' medical books, this condition is mandatory, because people are in direct contact with the goods used for food.

Before releasing personnel to work, check knowledge of the available products and prices.

It is better to start hiring employees based on the basic needs of the enterprise. Find a key minimum of people, such as a sales assistant, storekeeper, and cashier, while expanding your staff while expanding your store and changing its opening hours.

Step 8. Getting ready to launch

Launching a grocery store implies the presence of ready-made elements:

selected and equipped premises;
purchased goods;
hired personnel.

In addition, it is necessary to arrange the decoration of the store, because the appearance is another point of the establishment's success. The walls should be clean and at least plastered, but preferably decorated by department, and the following elements should not be placed:

pointers;
checkboxes;
information plates, etc.

Vendors and other personnel who appear in front of visitors must be dressed up in uniform. If there is no money for a uniform, but there is a desire to unify the style of the establishment, pay attention to the purchase and issue of branded aprons with a logo or store name. You can also improvise a single style by buying the cheapest T-shirts for women and men that have the same shade and ask the sellers to come only in them.

In addition to external attributes for staff, there is also ethics of behavior. You should also teach it to the employees who came to work, so as not to get into a mess and not to lose clients due to the usual everyday rudeness, for example. Many sellers wonder why their good store products, with a wide assortment, there are so few visitors, but they go to the neighboring stall for bread and beer. And he incurs losses because he put an impudent lady behind the counter, talking rudely with customers. To avoid unpleasant communication, all residents of neighboring houses avoid entering the store.

It is necessary to lay out products on the shelves neatly, if possible "figuratively", with a hitch, making up slides of cheeses, rows of sausages, etc. Not only should the product smell and attract the visitor with its appetizing, it is also necessary to take into account the positive impact on sales. appearance and stowage of goods.

What problems can arise

Thinking you’ll open a grocery store and relax while the work is done on its own? Whatever it is! With the launch of the enterprise, you will forget about having personal time for a long time, since you will have to tightly control all aspects of its activities every day if you want to achieve success as soon as possible. So, you need to track:

the level of consumer demand;
products of interest to consumers;
ups and downs of competitors, as well as their reasons;
staff behavior and performance;
vacations, decrees, hospital staff;
current turnover Money shop;
changes in the legislative acts of the Russian Federation corresponding to your activity;
the timing and timeliness of making payments, renewing licenses and other documents, submitting papers to the relevant departments, etc.

Remember, the first time, and the subsequent, the business is largely based only on you and your efforts. No employee burns with all his heart for the work of a grocery store, because he receives a fairly standard salary, works hard and, in the end, always has the opportunity to go to competitors. You cannot leave, because you have invested your own strength, money, experiences, time, etc. in the creation of the enterprise.

Of all the aspects subject to strict control, document tracking is most important. Failure to submit reports on time, not renewing the license for the sale of alcoholic beverages, tobacco or other products, you risk becoming a criminal, committing an administrative violation, and incurring consequences of varying severity for this, from a monetary fine to the complete closure of the enterprise. The most important thing that can be lost in this case is the good name of the organization as a whole and its owner personally.

Soberly assess the strength of your competitors and do not rely on the old Russian "maybe". It is imperative to react to the expansion of the assortment or the entire store by them, because you risk not only losing a high level of demand, but the whole matter as a whole. While the outflow of funds continues to flow to the neighboring store, its owner will not only be able to open an additional department, but will also "crush" you completely.

Let's summarize

As you can see, opening a grocery store is a step-by-step process. By competently approaching each of its parts, you will surely end the event with a well-deserved success.

We have considered in this article a small store, in the "near home" format. The bottom line is that it's the easiest to open. You can count on opening a larger business, for example:

minimarket;
supermarket;
hypermarket, etc.

However, in this case, you will have to add large quantities of related products to the range of food products, for example:

household chemicals;
packaging materials;
care cosmetics;
textiles, etc.

To combine these types of products, you will need to invest even more money in the preparation of the necessary documentation, renting premises, purchasing equipment, etc. It is not cost-effective to do this if there is not enough money and experience in sales. Start small and grow, let it work out!

Many novice businessmen believe that opening a minimarket is quite simple, but this is far from the case. After the entrepreneur decides to open own store, a lot of questions will arise in his head, to which it is not always easy to find an answer. But if the answer is received, it will allow you to protect your business from many troubles, not only at the start, but also in the foreseeable future. The first thing to remember is a minimarket business plan, which should include many points.

What to sell?

One of the most basic questions that a minimarket business plan should reflect is what the owner is going to sell. It depends on many factors, such as the city in which the minimarket will be located, the needs of the population, as well as the competitiveness of the product.

Think carefully about whether consumers will need your products? A lot also depends on the area in which your store will be located. Study the contingent of the population, their purchasing power, as well as needs. Very good decision will communicate directly with residents to find out their opinion on the opening of a new store.

And of course, a minimarket business plan will provide not only convenience, but also a sequence of actions, which will greatly reduce the chance of accidental errors.

Documentation required to get started

To trade food products, you need not only to obtain permission, but also to register with commercial register... All the documentation that is needed for this is divided into two types: specialized and standard. The first will be needed for the food trade, and the second is needed to open any retail outlet or store.

Documents that are needed to confirm the formal status:

Certificate of registration of individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.
Tax registration certificate.
Memorandum and Articles of Association.

The following documentation is required for a retail space:

Lease agreement or a copy of the certificate of ownership of the property.
An agreement confirming the presence of a serviced fire alarm.
The conclusion of the fire supervision.
SES conclusion.
Contract confirming the export of food and household waste.
Workplace certificate.
Pest control agreement.

Documents for organizing trade:

Medical books of each of the employees.
Book of suggestions and complaints.
The text of the consumer protection law.

The business plan of the minimarket must necessarily contain all the information about the costs that will be needed to complete all the documents. This is especially true if you decide to do this not on your own, but turned to professional lawyers for help.

Premises

The layout of the minimarket must meet the following requirements:

The sales area must be associated with the premises in which the goods are stored and prepared for sale. In addition, these premises should be located in such a way as to be possible to isolate them from other premises.
The room intended for storing goods should not be walk-through.
The entrance to the refrigerated chambers must be made through the vestibule or the room in which the goods are prepared for sale.

From other points, the fact should be highlighted that the interior of a small store should not be overloaded with flowers, but at the same time be cozy enough.

It is extremely important to think over those moments that will visually expand the room. For this, you can use the right lighting, as well as mirrors. In other words, for a small room the most optimal solution is the so-called golden mean. Moreover, in everything.

Another point that should be clarified when registering a store is the layout of the goods. It should be based on the principle of the greatest convenience for buyers, and not according to the principle of greater capacity. Place price tags correctly on the product. This will allow you to focus the client's attention on the product that is extremely important for you to sell. To do this, you can use price tags with the inscription "Discount" or "Special price".

Necessary equipment

Equipment for a minimarket - if not the most important point, then exactly one of the main ones. Now the market provides a wide variety of offers for the sale of inexpensive, but high-quality specialized equipment. Here's a rough list of the essentials:

Refrigerated cabinet.
Freezer cabinet.
Showcase cabinet.
Electronic balance.
Shelves and racks.
Cash register.
Containers for storing food, as well as cutting boards.

In the event that there is not enough money for new equipment, you can always find offers for the sale of used equipment. If you decide to choose this particular option, the business plan for opening a convenience store should contain this information.

Staff selection

The success of a small store fully depends on its employees. They are the factor that influences the fact whether customers will return or not. Therefore, you do not need to hire your friends or simply people from the street. Only professional salespeople can help you increase your profits.

After the store is open, you can find out how your sellers work by using the Mystery Shopper service, which in Lately becomes more and more popular with owners of not only large supermarkets, but also small shops.

Safety

Another actual question, which you should not forget about when opening a minimarket, is safety. It is necessary not only to install a fire alarm system, but also an alarm, as well as other means that can protect your property from illegal entry.

It is advisable to conclude a store security agreement. You also need to install surveillance cameras, as well as systems for analyzing the actions of the cashier.

SES requirements

In order to start work, you will also need the conclusion of the SES. To get it and understand how to open a minimarket without delay, you need your premises to meet the following requirements:

There must be a water supply system, moreover, the quality of water must fully comply with the requirements of SanPiN.
The store should have toilets and sinks for staff.
Lighting must comply with the requirements of SanPiN.
The minimarket must be well heated.

In addition, all personnel must have health records in order. Also, the SES should provide documentation that confirms the existence of a concluded agreement for the removal of household waste, as well as an agreement for the conduct of deratization and disinfestation.

The food business is relevant anytime, anywhere, because satisfying hunger is the most important need for any person. Is it profitable to open a grocery store, how much money does it take to start a business and how to attract customers? All the information a budding entrepreneur needs is collected here.

IP registration

The first step towards opening a grocery store is registering an individual entrepreneur. An independent one costs from 1,800 to 6,000 rubles. This amount includes the compulsory expenses:

state duty - 800 rubles;
making an entry about the individual entrepreneur in the USRIP (notary service) - 1000 rubles.

And optional:

- 300-3000 rubles. depending on the type;
opening a bank account - 800 rubles.

Finding a place for a store

The profitability of a grocery store depends on its location:

the most passable places are located near train stations, bus stops, metro stations, large business and entertainment centers;
there should be no supermarkets near the store;
in order for the outlet to always be provided with a stable income, try to choose areas with a population of about 1,500 people;
it has been observed that if a supermarket is located more than 10 minutes' walk from the house, customers prefer to use the services of small shops around the house. Do not forget about this when choosing a place;
if the assortment consists mainly of inexpensive essential products, it is beneficial to open a store in a residential area.

Rent or buy?

A grocery store can be opened in a rented space, or you can buy a modular building for a retail outlet. The first option is the least expensive, even taking into account the fact that the store will most likely have to be repaired. The only drawback is the need to pay monthly rent for the premises.

Modular pavilions are expensive, although they have their own advantages:

you yourself choose where to locate the store;
there is no need to pay rent every month;
the building is easy to install and dismantle.

Average cost of a modular building depending on the area:

20-30 m 2 - 300-500 thousand rubles;
40-50 m 2 - 560-750 thousand rubles;
60-80 m 2 - 800-1,000 thousand rubles.

Add to the sum the costs of transportation and installation (100 thousand rubles) and the summing up of communications (100 thousand rubles).

What area should a grocery store have

The size of the outlet is limited only by your financial capabilities and assortment. For most grocery stores selling through the counter, a space of 30–50 m 2 is sufficient.

Paperwork

To open a grocery store, you will need the following documents:

IP registration certificate;
lease agreement or document confirming the ownership of the premises;
SES conclusion, sanitary passport;
the conclusion of the fire service;
medical books of employees;
garbage collection agreement;
certificate confirming the entry of the individual entrepreneur into the commercial register;
book of reviews and suggestions;
cashier's book and other documents to the cash register;
quality certificates for products;
information for buyers, in particular the text of the law "On the protection of consumer rights".

In some cases, additional documents are required to open a grocery store. For example, if you plan to hire foreign citizens, you need to issue a special permit. Licenses will also be required if the store sells tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Purchase of equipment

A significant portion of the start-up costs are associated with the purchase shop equipment including:

cash register;
refrigerators and freezers;
showcases;
scales;
racks, food storage containers, knives, cutting boards.

The total cost of new equipment is on average 150 thousand rubles. Buying used equipment allows you to save up to 50% of this amount. Installation of video surveillance will cost an additional 10 thousand rubles, and 50 thousand rubles will have to be spent on equipment for bottling beer. However, the latter is optional.

Do not forget also that at first it is necessary to provide an initial stock of goods, which requires from 300 to 500 thousand rubles. A sign for a store will cost from 3 to 5 thousand rubles.

Recruitment and determination of the wage fund

The number of employees in a store depends on its size and working hours. Convenience stores typically require 4 salespeople, two per shift. For a small store that closes for the night, two people are enough, who will work according to the schedule a week in a week, two in two, etc. Salaries of sellers fluctuate between 10-15 thousand rubles.

If you don't have managerial experience, you can't do without a hired director. The salary of a store manager is on average 30 thousand rubles. You will also need a loader and a cleaning lady, each with a salary of 8-12 thousand rubles.

In addition to salaries, the employer pays an additional 22% of the employee's salary to the FIU on a monthly basis. Income tax individuals(Personal income tax) is also transferred by the business owner, but in fact this amount (13%) is deducted from the employee's salary.

Assortment formation and markup determination

It is impossible to immediately determine the needs of your customers - only experience will help you to form the optimal assortment of the store. The location of the outlet is of great importance: while chocolates, ice cream, pasties and similar products are in demand in the city center, residents of the dormitory areas buy mainly bread, milk, eggs.

Grocery store assortment

In a small store within walking distance, there must be essential goods: household chemicals, bread, dairy products, personal hygiene items. These are the most demanded products that provide the store with stable revenue. It is also important to consider the needs of your target audience when forming the assortment.

Suppose there are no vegetables in nearby stores, so customers have to go to the market for them. Use this circumstance to your advantage - offer people what they need. Even if a kilogram of potatoes will cost you more than in the same market, customers will still come to your store. The desire to save time and effort usually outweighs the desire to save money.

Another tip: do not copy the range of competitors, offer people what others do not have, and your store will quickly gain loyal customers.

Markup on goods

The entrepreneur determines the cost of most of the goods independently. The average mark-up on store products over the counter is 30%. However, there are a number of products with state-regulated retail prices: children food, medical preparations, products sold in the Far North and equated regions.

Monthly revenue and payback period

Small Groceries pay off much faster than supermarkets. If for the latter, the exit to profitability occurs only after 5-6 years, then a grocery store with an average monthly revenue of 700-800 thousand rubles and net profit 60-70 thousand rubles pays off in a year.

What contracts an entrepreneur needs to conclude

Before opening a grocery store, you need to conclude several contracts:

with a bank that will carry out collection and service your current account;
with a security company that will take control of your store;
with wholesale companies supplying products. To provide the most complete assortment, it is worth concluding contracts with several suppliers. These can be wholesale companies offering products of different brands, or representatives of the manufacturer;
one of mandatory requirements SES - conclusion of an agreement for the removal of garbage and solid waste.

Summary

It is impossible to say exactly how much it costs to open a grocery store, but the approximate initial costs are easy to determine:

paperwork - 5-10 thousand rubles;
lease of a sales area - on average 30 thousand rubles (repairs 10-30 thousand rubles) Purchase of a modular pavilion - 300-1 000 thousand rubles (delivery, installation and arrangement - 200 thousand rubles);
purchase of new equipment - 150 thousand rubles; used - from 80 thousand rubles;
initial inventory - 300-500 thousand rubles;
staff salary - 40-120 thousand rubles;
signboard - 3-5 thousand rubles.

Bottom line: opening a retail outlet requires from 500 thousand rubles to 2 million rubles.

At first, you may be faced with a surplus of goods. Nothing wrong with that. Before making the next purchase, analyze which products are in high demand and buy only the items that are in demand.

Open direct access to the most popular and inexpensive products. And place the least popular and expensive ones behind the counter. This will speed up service and simplify the seller's work.

If you plan to sell cigarettes and alcohol in the future, choose the place with great care. In accordance with the law, a store located less than 100 meters from a school or kindergarten, has no right to trade in tobacco and alcohol products.

A small grocery store cannot compete with a large supermarket chain. It is a fact: in a store within walking distance, prices are usually higher, and the assortment is much smaller. How to open a grocery store and not be left without customers? Explore weak spots your competitor. For example, if a supermarket is open from 8:00 to 23:00, move your store to work around the clock, but do not forget to calculate in advance the financial feasibility of such a regime.

Many aspiring and already experienced entrepreneurs have wondered how to start a grocery store from scratch. At first glance, it seems that everything is obvious in this business. I bought a product and sell it. But there are many nuances that you should know if you decide to open a grocery store. Let's figure out all the intricacies of this business together.

What you will learn about:

Product market 2018 - 2019: situation and trends

Over the past five years, Russians have begun to eat better, statistics says. In short, people are spending more on food and choosing them more carefully.

What is the situation today and what awaits us in 2019? The media have already written that another price increase is coming. When it will happen and what food products will become more expensive is still unknown.

Prices rise for various reasons:

depreciation of the ruble. This affects primarily the goods imported from abroad: tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, seafood, cheeses, alcohol, etc .;
negatively affected the Russian economy - the imposed sanctions;
an increase in expenses for transportation by regions and the supply of products to stores;
increase in VAT, preferential taxation of 10% on products will remain, but business as a whole will increase its expenses.

According to experts, in 2019, the purchaseability of goods, the cost of which will increase, will increase. Paradox? Not at all. It's just that consumers believe that in the future the price may rise even more, which means that it is better to buy now.

And this means that by opening a grocery store (with a competent approach to this issue), there is a high probability that you will be able to develop your business. After all, there will always be demand for products. And how to proceed in stages, we will tell you further.

Pros and cons of opening a grocery store

Let's first take a look at all the advantages and disadvantages of a grocery business.

There are enough pros and cons. We are sure that when you open a grocery store, there will be more of both. Before taking decisive action, draw up a business plan for your future store.

Learn more about how to write a grocery store business plan.

How to open a grocery store: step by step instructions

Step 1. What is the best way to register a grocery store: individual entrepreneur or LLC

Consider how and what is needed when registering an individual entrepreneur and LLC.

It should also be noted that the fines for LLCs are significantly higher than for individual entrepreneurs. For example, for violation cash transactions An individual entrepreneur will pay approximately 5,000 rubles, and an LLC - 80,000 rubles.

Now see which option is better and easier for you:

Only you can decide what is best for you as a sole proprietor or LLC. If you plan to open a small grocery store, the most convenient option would be an individual entrepreneur. Supermarket with growth prospects in network business- LTD.

Step 2. What documents are needed to open a grocery store

In order to open a grocery store, you need to collect a fairly large package of documents. They can be requested by inspection bodies:

Step 3. Choosing the direction of trade and format

When you open a grocery store, the successful choice of the direction and format of the future store is half the battle.

It is necessary to understand which clients it will be designed for, where it will be located (city, village) and, most importantly, what product you will offer to the buyer. Therefore, do not rush to resolve this issue. There are many decisive factors, here are a few key ones:

Seasonality... Simply put, open a store at a time of year that suits your outlet. We decided to sell fruits - start in the summer;
Competition... If there is already a similar one where you plan to open a grocery store, then, of course, you should not do it. Look for another place where you can become your main retail outlet.

If we talk about profitability, then the supermarket is considered the best form. They are convenient for buyers, because they always have a large selection of products, you can see the composition and expiration date of the purchase on the spot.

Decided to sell certain products? The best format for such an idea is “counter-seller”. In such cases, buyers can consult with the seller and make their choice. With quality customer service, customer loyalty will be quite high.

How to open a farm products store: step by step instructions

Today, healthy food is quite fashionable, which means that farm-based, natural products will be in demand, and such points of sale will be very profitable. According to statistics, income from environmentally friendly goods can exceed 500 thousand rubles. per month.

To open a farm products store, you also need to collect a package of permits from the fire, veterinary and sanitary inspections. Choose the type of activity - individual entrepreneur or LLC.

Decide on the type of farming:

Livestock (cattle, pigs, poultry, etc.);
Crop production (growing potatoes, wheat, etc.).

whether it is necessary to purchase the premises or will it be necessary to rent it;
new equipment or used equipment will be purchased;
contracts with farms are concluded for the purchase of their products or for sale.

In total, the amount varies from about 500 to 700 thousand rubles.

If you don't have own farm, decide on suppliers (for example, conclude an agreement with local manufacturers). Be sure to ask for certificates confirming the quality of the products. And you do not need to initially purchase a large batch of goods. First you need to decide what is in demand.

When you open a grocery store, location plays a big role. The farm products store should not be located near the markets, otherwise the flow of customers will undoubtedly go there. Don't overcharge your prices so as not to scare off a potential buyer. 30% is considered the optimal markup.

Opening a grocery store is not that difficult. But the sale of farm products is still more relevant for those who are already engaged in agriculture and is ready to sell my product.

Farm Products Store: A Story of Successful Entrepreneurs

Step 4. Choosing a place and premises for a grocery store

To choose the right place to open a grocery store, you need to follow simple rules. They will allow you not to "bite your elbows" in the future, complaining about a hasty decision.

If you have already decided on the area where you will open a grocery store, pay attention to whether the roads are good, whether it is convenient for the buyer to get to you, whether there is parking, etc .;
Will the sign of your store be clearly visible? Are there any planned nearby buildings that can close the visibility of the retail outlet;
Find out what assortment is in demand among residents (arrange a raid on nearby shops);
Conduct a competitive analysis. Which of the stores is able to attract the target audience.

Where not to open a grocery store:

Where there is a large supermarket nearby;
Where there is a grocery market nearby.

Let's talk about the premises of a grocery store. Basically, the area is from 20 m2. The main thing is that all communications, electrical networks (for the operation of refrigeration equipment, etc.) are carried out. Also make sure that the premises are easy to drive up to both trucks and customers.

You can open a grocery store in the purchased premises or in a rented one. For an entrepreneur selling FMCGs, renting is much cheaper. After all, if at this point the business is unprofitable, then you can easily move. If the premises are purchased, you will have to spend a lot of time selling it.

The question, of course, is the price. You can buy premises for a grocery store from 500,000 rubles, rent - from 40-50 thousand rubles a month.

Step 5. How much does it cost to open a grocery store

Let's calculate how much (approximate amount) it will take to open a grocery store.

Estimate forsmall grocery store

Do not be afraid of the amount, because average check in such a store is 200-300 rubles. Monthly income within 500 thousand rubles. Profitability - 30%. Payback in about a year and a half.

Try the product accounting program for a grocery store from Biznes.Ru. Maintain full-fledged inventory control, set a ban on negative sales, analyze revenue, calculate product profitability, forecast sales and remotely control the operation of a retail outlet.

Step 6. Installing the equipment in the grocery store

What equipment do you need when you open a grocery store:

Shelves, showcases, counters;
Refrigerating chambers;
Cash register, scales;
Product baskets;
Luggage storage.

Think about how you will arrange the equipment in the sales area. One of the main requirements to be functional and convenient for customers. Over-sized equipment will become a hindrance. Shoppers must have enough room to move around the store.

How to squeeze the maximum sales out of the store

You can increase sales using loyalty systems, they allow you to motivate the buyer to come back again, as well as attraction tools in the form of creating sales or promotions for certain groups of goods, analytics that will allow you to see profit, profitability, revenue and other indicators through which you will see a picture of current sales and will allow to influence the growth of these indicators.

Learn more about how to increase sales with the right floor plan.

Step 7. We decide on the assortment of the grocery store

Before deciding on the range of products in your store, you need to carefully study this issue. The Internet will also come to the rescue. According to surveys of Russians, the most popular products in their grocery basket are:

When forming the assortment of a grocery store, it is important:

Understand who yours the target audience... Consider social, personal, financial characteristics, area of residence, etc.
Analyze the commercial offers of suppliers, choose the most profitable one for you.
Analyze the dynamics of sales of each product, the percentage of revenue, exclude rarely sold products;

It is also important to remember when opening a grocery store that you need to sell a product for different categories of buyers: sausage for people with low incomes and a quality product for the middle class.

You can maintain a full-fledged warehouse accounting, analyze profits and forecast sales by connecting the Biznes.ru inventory accounting system.

Step 8. We conclude contracts with suppliers

When you open a grocery store, you need to choose a supplier. These can be wholesale companies or manufacturers of goods. You can find a supplier in different ways:

look in the markets, you can immediately see what product the company offers and discuss all the nuances;
visit exhibitions. At the stands, you can learn more about the product and agree on cooperation.
the Internet. Quite a few companies have their own websites and offer their services on the World Wide Web.

Important! When selecting a supplier via the Internet, look through 10-20 pages of search results. Often, suppliers do not pay due attention to the promotion of corporate sites on the Internet, but the conditions can be favorable.

When you decide on a supplier and proceed to concluding a contract, you need to discuss the following points:

Supplier capabilities. Will he be able to meet your requirements and deliver the quantity of goods you need within the agreed time frame.
Product quality... First ask the supplier for samples of the goods, make sure of their quality, and only then make large purchases.
Terms of payment... Discuss all the nuances of payment so that the final option suits both parties.
Guarantees... Consider return issues, claim processing time, etc.
Prices... Many suppliers offer discounts for bulk purchases, check this information.

Step 9. We hire staff

When you open a grocery store from scratch, you need to carefully consider what the staff will be like. This factor depends on the scale of the outlet.

You will need:

director;
Chief Accountant;
cashiers-sellers;
cleaning woman;
loader.

It is not worth saving money on staff qualifications and recruiting experienced people. They know how to arrange the goods correctly, they know how to communicate with customers, do not get lost in a stressful situation and understand the assortment of the store.

Learn more about how to attract the best performing employees.

It is better to choose a piece-rate option as payment. Simply put, when a person receives a flat payment for the day at the store and a percentage of the sale. An employee must serve customers, help with suppliers, etc.

Estimated salary calculation (per month) for store employees

Step 10. How to advertise a grocery store

One of the most effective and free ways to advertise a grocery store is word of mouth. If your store pleases customers with a varied assortment, affordable prices, promotions, then customers will recommend your outlet to friends and family.

Learn more about how to get everyone to talk about you with word of mouth.

production of a sign - from 50,000 rubles (banner banners, banner panels, light boxes);
facade design - from 80,000 rubles (sign, showcase, light board, creeping line);
placement of information on price promotions in the elevators of nearby houses - from 10,000 rubles;
holding price promotions - from 30,000 rubles (design of banners, leaflets, brochures during promotions for seasonal goods, goods of the day, etc.).

Despite all the spending, the grocery store can generate good profits. If you are ready to work hard and develop your outlet on a daily basis, then our advice will certainly come in handy. And then it all depends on your perseverance, professionalism and, of course, luck.